POSITIVE CANADIANISM  The first aim of Liberal policies is to get things moving, to create and maintain vigorous economic growth. Economic growth is the foundation on which we can enjoy increasing incomes, expanding opportunities for a better life, social and national progress.  The second aim of Liberal policies is to make economic growth work for all Canadians, fully and fairly.  This means full employment. It means better health care, available to all when they need it. It means better opportunities for education and training, irrespective of ability to pay. It means adequate pensions for all. It means fair working conditions. It means security and better opportunities for farmers and fishermen. It means the removal of slums, better housing, cleaner cities, more parks, better recreational facilities, encouragement to Canadian arts and letters, improving democracy in our political institutions.  For all these lines of progress, the Liberal programme offers prompt, practical, far sighted policies.  It offers these policies for a Canada growing in more than material prosperity. The third aim that liberals seek for Canada is a national identity that creates unity without uniformity. Liberal policies will give a new orientation to Canadian confederation: to a co operative federalism that respects the rights of the provinces while developing equality of opportunities for Canadians in all parts of our country. The Liberal party of Canada stands for a positive Canadianism whose fundamental purpose is that all Canadians have the opportunity to achieve their full stature in their own way.  But security, happiness, achievement are not 26'1 CANADIAN PARTY PLATFORMS  possible for us alone. The fourth aim of Liberal policies is that a growing; progressing Canada will have a constructive influence for peace and progress throughout the world.  Growth, Reform, Purpose .this is the meaning of a positive Canadianism. These are the standards by which a new liberal government will seek to serve our country.  CO-OPERATIVE FEDERALISM  Work well with the provinces.  National unity and good government in Canada depend on co operation between Ottawa and the provinces. The essential foundation for effective co operation, in all matters of national concern, is full respect for the rights of the provinces in matters within their jurisdiction. All liberal policies will be carried out with this full respect.  Provide full equalization of provincial revenues from the tax fields that the provinces share with the federal government.  This is the only way the provinces can afford similar standards of services, and so provide equality of opportunities for all Canadians. A new Liberal government will make equalization payments which bring the other provinces up to the level of the richest, in revenue per head from shared taxes.  Assure flexibility in joint programmes, scholarships and university grants.  If some provinces wish, they should be able to withdraw, without financial loss, from joint programmes which involve regular expenditures by the federal government and which are well established. In such cases, Ottawa will compensate provinces for the federal share of the cost, by lowering its own direct taxes and increasing equalization payments. This will be done also if sole provinces do not want to take part in new joint programmes that it may be desirable for the federal government to initiate with the provinces. In the case of scholarships and university grants, provinces that so prefer will receive unconditional equal financing.  PROSPERITY FOR CANADIANS  Fundamentals for a Sound Economy  Cure unemployment.  All the time since July 1957, an average of 415,000 Canadians have been without jobs. A new Liberal government will make full employment the first objective of its policies.  Manage the nation's finances well.  It is essential to restore confidence in Canada's growth and in the ability of government to attend to its responsibilities; in particular, it is necessary to restore confidence in the value of the Canadian dollar. Confidence will creme the right atmosphere for the economy to expand and enterprise to flourish. A new Liberal government will do what is necessary to get things moving and keep them moving.  Expand Canada's foreign trade.  A new liberal government will act positively.  It will have a constructive plan for freer trade with Britain, the United States and the European  Common Market, ac a step towards the establishment of an Atlantic economic community. Commonwealth nations, Japan and other interested countries will be invited to join in progressively reducing the barriers to world trade. This is essential because one Canadian out of every five depends on exports for his job.  Getting and Keeping Industry Moving  Provide tax incentives to new companies and to companies that expand.  The incentives will include reduced rates of corporation tax and special depreciation allow ances on new equipment. Priority will be given: (a) to industry in areas of the country where new job opportunities are most needed: (b) to industries that increase their exports. ;:  Set up an industrial adjustment fund.  Some new ventures yield little or no profit at first and therefore do not pay taxes then. Ventures that would qualify for tax incentives, if they were profitable, will instead receive adjustment grants, for a limited period.  Provide adjustment grants in line with trade changes.  The industrial adjustment fund will give priority to: (a) helping companies to expand in order to take advantage of new trading opportunities; (.b) assisting the reconstruction of industries affected by increased competition.  Create a vigorous development bank to help in providing Canadian capital for expansion.  For this purpose, the Industrial Development Bank will be reconstructed. Its management will be separated from the Bank of Canada. Its capital will be increased. Its scope will be widened to include all kinds of resource and manufacturing industries and services. The reconstructed Bank will operate as a forward looking development ' corporation, co operating with private investors to provide more Canadian capital for Canadian enterprise. A new Liberal government will encourage measures to reverse the trend towards increasing foreign ownership of Canadian industry.  Ensure a square deal for small business.  Liberal policies for more plentiful credit, lower taxes on expanding businesses, and other economic measures, will be designed to broaden opportunities for the vigorous enterprise of our smaller manufacturers, retailers and service businesses.  Community Development and Housing  Set up a Municipal Loan Fund which, working with the provinces, will provide money for needed municipal services.  We need better streets and roads to reduce traffic congestion, less pollution, more parks. A great backlog of needed projects is held up for lack of municipal financing. The fund will make loans for sound municipal improvements which provincial governments approve but for which capital is unobtainable on reasonable terms from existing Canadian sources. The fund will play a big part in creating new jobs all across Canada and getting the economy moving.  Clear slums and renew blighted areas of our cities and towns.  Federal grants for urban renewal projects will ! be extended in scope and increased in amount. This is essential to civic progress in many areas.  Increase construction of low rental homes.  New homes for rent are the positive side of slum clearance. A new Liberal government will join with the provinces and municipalities in a major campaign. It will give special attention to he housing needs of old age pensioners.  Extend National Housing legislation to provide NHA insured mortgages for the purchase of existing homes as well as for building new homes.  This broadening, under proper safeguards, will enable more Canadians to become home owners.  Improve rural housing.  A new Liberal government will bring to national housing policy the flexibility in planning, standards and finance necessary to meet the varied I needs of different areas.  Development Areas  Set up a federal agency for area rehabilitation.  In the Atlantic provinces and in other parts of Canada, there are areas where a special thrust for development is needed, either because existing industries are declining or because the area's resources have never been developed. The agency will be responsible to a single federal cabinet minister and will co operate with provinces, municipalities and local representatives. It will draw up development plans and see that the development areas get special consideration in all federal action for economic expansion.  Encourage new industry.  Tax incentives, leading by the _Industrial Development Bank and vocational training programmes will all be geared to encourage industrial expansion in areas of chronic unemployment.  Provide capital grants for basic development projects.  These include, in co operation with the provinces concerned, trunk highways in, the Atlantic provinces, other roads, and the generation of power. Federal public works programmes will give particular consideration to distressed areas.  Put federal contributions to municipal winter works on a sliding scale, according to the extent  of unemployment in the municipality.  In the worst areas of unemployment, the federal contribution will rise to the whole labour cost of winter works. This is necessary to get the work done where it is needed most.  Make capital grants to municipalities in areas of 1~' chronic unemployment.  Municipalities in these areas may be unable to afford needed improvements even with the help of the municipal loan fund and of winter works programmes. In such cases a new Liberal government will join with provinces to assist, with outright grants, sound projects that will .help to create new economic opportunities.  Resources and Research  Give leadership in research.  A bigger research effort is necessary for continuing industrial efficiency and the exporting success of our resource industries. A new Liberal government will encourage and assist basic and applied research by the universities and industry, and will co ordinate with them the research work of government agencies. The government sponsored programme will include detailed studies, industry by industry, of economic ways to process primary materials in Canada and export finished products of higher value.  Map resources and build roads.  A new Liberal government will co operate with the provinces in exploring and mapping natural resources, and in building access roads to forest and mineral resources and to tourist areas.  Develop resource industries.  A new Liberal government will work for expanding markets and vigorous development of our great resource industries, based on Canada's extensive forests, minerals of so many kinds, water and energy resources. It will give practical, effective support to primary industries encountering problems such as those of the coal, gold and uranium mines.  Develop the Canadian North for Canadians.  Active northern development depends on the vigorous growth of the whole economy. On that foundation, a new Liberal government will undertake an extensive programme for improving air transport facilities, building roads, and developing northern communities.  Planning and Finance  Balance the budget.  Confidence in the fiscal and financial responsibility of the Canadian government must be restored. A new Liberal government will balance the budget in conditions of full employment. Liberal policies have been designed to meet this need. A liberal administration will vigorously prevent waste in government expenditures.  Reform taxation.  Taxes will be reviewed and reformed, in order to make them fairer and to encourage enterprise and lower the barriers to business expansion.  Make monetary policy an instrument for steady economic growth.  A new Liberal government will take clear responsibility for the money supply, credit policies, nd the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar. It will improve the country's financial machinery, to make more Canadian capital available for industry and to safeguard the consumer against credit abuses.  Set up an Economic Advisory Council.  The Council's members will have a wide variety of experience in business, in labour matters, in farming and in government. They will be assisted by an expert staff. The Council will be charged to analyze what is going on and what is planned in the Canadian economy. It will investigate trends and publish outlook reports. It will enable government and business, labour and farmers together to take a reasoned and co operative view of economic needs and objectives. The Council will then make recommendations to government about the planning of its own activities and the measures that will assist full economic efficiency and progress.  SECURITY FOR CANADIANS r  Caring for Health  Establish, in co operation with the provinces, a medical care plan for all Canadians.  The plan will enable everyone to get health care at the time it is needed, without fear of crippling medical bills. There will be no restrictive conditions. The patient will be free to choose his doctor. The doctor will remain free to practice as he chooses. There will be no interference with the doctor patient relationship or with the doctor's decision as to the treatments he recommends. The /1 doctor will continue to receive his income on a fee for service basis.  Through the medical care plan, cover costs of doctors' and diagnostic services, in the office, home or hospital, by general practitioners, surgeons and  specialists.,  All services will be provided without charge to children up to the age of 16, to most retired people, and to the unemployed. For all other  Canadians, the plan will cover doctors' bills above,  a low annual cost. The small payment required will be a safeguard against unreasonable demands for attention. All other costs of doctors' services will be met from the federal treasury.  Co operate with the provinces and the doctors.  The Liberal plan will be put to a federal provincial conference and thoroughly discussed with the medical profession and other interested organizations. It will be carried out in co operation with the provincial governments and the doctors' organizations in each province.  Attract more doctors and raise the quality of medical care.  The medical care plan will help to create a professional climate that attracts increasing numbers of able people to the study and practice of medicine. The Liberal plan for student scholarships and loans will enable more people to become a doctors.  Improve facilities for health care.  A new Liberal government will co operate with the provinces and the professions for such purposes as improving mental health treatment, encouraging dentistry, and aiding medical research.  Bring other health costs within the medical care plan.  As it becomes practicable a new Liberal government will broaden its health plan to cover other burdensome costs, with priority for prescribed drugs and children's dental services. Legislation about drugs will be strengthened to ensure the protection of the public.  Investment in Youth  Establish Canada Scholarships for university education.  There will be 10,000 scholarships a year, each valued at $1000 a year and available for four years to study. The awards will be open to all and will be made on merit. The administration of the plan will be independent of government.  Set up a student loan fund.  All qualified university students will be able to borrow if necessary for genuine educational needs.  The fund will be independently administered.  Loans will be interest free during the period of study and for the first year afterwards, and will then be repayable, plus interest, within a reasonable period.  Extend family allowances beyond the age of sixteen, for boys and girls who remain students.  This will help families to provide the best possible education for young Canadians and will reduce the number of teen agers seeking unskilled jobs.  Improve public financing for the universities.  This is a continuation of established Liberal policy. It is an increasingly important investment for the conditions of today and the progress of the country.  Ensure provincial choice.  Provinces that so preferred would receive unconditional equal financing instead of scholarships, and university grants.  Better Pensions  Establish a national contributory pension plan. The plan will provide pensions in addition to the existing $65 a month. The extra pensions will rise steadily until, within ten years, they equal a third of a man's earnings while working, up to a maximum additional pension of $165 a month. With the existing federal pension, this will make a total at age 70 of up to $230 a month for single or widowed people, $295 for couples. The plan will not be financed from taxes. It will be fully paid for by contributions, of a small percentage of earnings, from all employers and employees.  Pension benefits will be completely portable when people change their jobs. The transition period will enable existing pension schemes to be fitted smoothly with the new plan.  Help people to retire at 65.  Everyone will be able to choose between a pension at 65 or a larger pension if he prefers to go on working to age 70.  Provide pensions for the disabled and for widows and orphans.  The contributory plan will make provision for people who are disabled, and unable to work,  before reaching 65. In the event of death, the widow or orphans will receive the benefits. These provisions of the plan will be submitted to the provinces for constitutional agreement.  Encourage self employed people to contribute to the pension plan.  The self employed will not have to join the plan, but will be able to do so on terms which will be very worthwhile for people with small or moderate incomes.  Establish a new national minimum of $75 a month pension.  To help people already retired, who have not had the chance to contribute under the new Liberal plan, a minimum supplementary pension of $10 a month will be paid, from the start, out of the pension fund established by contributions. This will raise the total old age pension to $75 for a single or widowed person, $140 for a married couple.  Increase old age assistance to $75 a month.  Assistance is available, in cases of need, .for people aged 65 to 69. It will be increased in cooperation with the provinces.  Make the $75 old age assistance available to single women and widows at age 60.  Many companies retire men at 65 but women at 60. Earlier assistance will therefore be made available to women, in co operation with the provinces.  Increase allowances for the blind and disabled to $75 a month.  In co operation with the provinces, these allowances will be raised in line with pensions and oldage assistance. There will be an increase in the amount of other income permitted.  A SQUARE DEAL FOR LABOUR  Labour Management Relations  Institute a federal labour code.  This will apply to industries under federal jurisdiction and work done under federal contracts.. It . will establish a minimum wage, maximum working week, pay for vacations and statutory holidays, J and national standards for health and safety and other working conditions, with protection of the public interest.  Speed up conciliation procedures.  With the help of trade unions and industry, a new Liberal government will improve conciliation r' without lessening freedom of negotiation. Liberalism is opposed to compulsory arbitration, which limits the right to strike.  Improve consultation on long term problems.  In an atmosphere of economic and social progress, which Liberal policies will achieve, labour and management can work together to face basic problems, such as those of automation and the sharing of gains in productivity. This will be assisted by the Economic Advisory Council including members drawn from labour unions and management.  Investment in Skill  Set up CANDO the Canadian Development Organization for training for better jobs. This organization will be available, at the request of the provinces, to give expert and full scale assistance in operating wide ranging services for job training. Training courses will be open to all Canadians, men and women, who want to learn new skills.  Pay supplementary benefits for re training and to the long term unemployed.  Workers who train for new jobs, in order to broaden their opportunities of employment, will be paid additional benefits. These will come from general government revenues; they will not be an additional demand on the unemployment insurance fund. They will be continued after re training, if a man or woman who is the main support of a household remains unavoidably unemployed.  Assist re training courses within industry.  In co operation with the Economic Advisory Council, CANDO will look ahead to see which jobs will offer more opportunities in future and which because of automation of trade changes or for other reasons will offer fewer opportunities. CANDO will work with industry in setting up training courses, so that workers can obtain the necessary broadening of skills before, not after, unemployment strikes.  Unemployment Benefits  Pay unemployment benefits to people who are out S b of work because of illness.  This will be done on the same basis as unemployment benefits for people who lose their jobs for other reasons.  Maintain and extend the coverage of unemployment insurance to the widest practicable degree.  Those who need coverage include many farm workers and groups in the service trades. The coverage formerly given to casual workers will be restored.  Restore the unemployment insurance fund.  The fund was designed to deal with short team unemployment. It has been depleted, because long-term unemployment has become chronic. A new Liberal government will restore the fund and, with policies of economic expansion, return it to its proper function. In fairness to all workers, a new Liberal government will be firm in preventing abuses of the fund by people who are not genuinely seeking jobs.  A SQUARE DEAL FOR FARMERS  Supporting Farm Income  improve supports for farm prices.  Flexible price supports are essential to a prosperous agriculture: Where appropriate, they will be provided by making deficiency payments adequate to farmers' costs. A new Liberal government will ensure that the support prices are actually received by the farmers.  Increase consumption of dairy products.  The alarming decline in butter consumption must be arrested. A new Liberal government will see that butter is marketed at a price that will move the surplus, with a consumer subsidy or deficiency payment to prevent loss to the producer.  A new Liberal government will vigorously promote the sale of .all dairy products, based on a national programme for. better nutrition, including provision. of milk at school. There will also be aid to needy :countries and encouragement to commercial , exports.  Make wheat for bread more profitable.  The farmer should get a better return on wheat sold in Canada for human consumption. A new Liberal government will provide an increase related to costs of production. The increase will be treated as a consumer subsidy.  Provide deficiency payments on other grains.  Grain growers are at present assisted by the haphazard, inadequate expedient of acreage payments. A new Liberal government will provide the security of deficiency payments, related to costs on sound, permanent principles.  Give federal backing to crop insurance.  Present legislation hampers crop insurance by leaving too much financial risk to provincial governments. The federal government will' both help to meet insurance costs and provide adequate under writing of any well planned provincial measure of crop insurance.  Farm Marketing  Provide continuous, realistic guidance on the market outlook for different crops and livestock products.  Assessing market conditions and prices is as ~~ important for farmers as for industrial companies. But many small farmers cannot organize such market research for themselves. A new Liberal government will fill the gap.  Make national marketing possible.  In conjunction with the provinces, a new Liberal government will be ready to provide the framework for farmers to operate, if they wish, either co operatives or producer marketing boards on a national basis.  Improve long term financing for co operatives.  Co operatives can increase farmers' marketing strength and provide opportunities for buying equipment more economically. But the development of co operatives is sometimes held back by lack of long term financing. The expanded development bank will be able to meet this need.  Farm and Rural Development i Develop new sources of income for rural areas.  A new Liberal government will co operate with provinces, municipalities and local representatives in rural areas needing development. The development programmes will help small industries to establish themselves in rural towns and villages; develop suitable areas for recreation and the tourist trade; improve land use, including reforestation, the restoration of land to pasture and the recovery of farm lands subject to erosion.  Undertake a major programme of water conservation.  Without proper conservation, water shortage and pollution will become major problems as urban areas become bigger. The programme will q, include flood control and projects for making farmland more productive.  Improve farm credit.  More credit will be made available to farmers, on attractive terms, for such purposes. as the development of the livestock industry, drainage  and similar improvements.;  Establish an independent council for agricultural research.  The council will be staffed and equipped to help farmers to improve marketing efficiency, including food processing and merchandising, as well as production. It will develop industrial uses for farm products and improve quality. This research will expand both home and foreign markets for Canadian farmers.  The Fishery  Apply to fishing the same policy principles as to farming.  Fishermen face hazards and problems similar to those of farmers. Whenever possible, a new Liberal government will take parallel action to promote the welfare of fishermen and farmers. It will en  courage higher production, larger markets, better and more stable incomes for fishermen. For example a new Liberal government will make available, through a fishery credit agency, low cost loans for the construction and improvement of boats with modern equipment and gear. It will expand research into fishing methods and equipment and into the processing, preserving and marketing of fisheries products.  Establish a 12 mile limit for off shore fishing.  This is necessary for the adequate protection of our Canadian fishery.  CANADIANS TOGETHER  Unity without Uniformity  Ensure full equality of English and French language and culture.  Equality should be the rule in all activities of ' the federal government; for example, French speaking officials should be able to use their own a language in their work as readily as English speaking officials.  Make Canadian citizenship absolute.  The law will be amended so that: (a) no Canadian citizen can be deprived of his citizenship unless he voluntarily accepts the citizenship of another country; (b) no Canadian can be banished from the country by order in council.  Bring new Canadians of all origins fully into the national life.  This must be achieved not through assimilation r\ but through integration. Liberal policies seek to develop our homeland as the common heritage of all Canadians, new and old, and to achieve equality of opportunity for all Canadians regardless of their origin, their language or the region of Canada in which they live.  Through educational and economic opportunity, enable Indians and Eskimos to achieve genuine equality with other Canadians.  Voluntarily integration must be achieved with out infringement of the special rights guaranteed to Indians.  Make the formal procedures for citizenship uniform throughout Canada.  Employees will be entitled to be absent from work with pay to attend citizenship ceremonies.  Canadian Institutions  Adopt a distinctively Canadian flag and anthem.  Within two years of taking office, a new Liberal government will submit to Parliament a design for a flag which cannot be mistaken for the emblem of any other country. When adopted, this will be the flag of Canada. "O Canada" will be proclaimed our official anthem.  Maintain the honour given to traditional symbols. The Union Jack will be flown on appropriate occasions as a symbol of our membership in the Commonwealth. A new Liberal government will also maintain the honour given to the traditional anthem which expresses Canada's devotion to the Sovereign.  Develop broadcasting.  There will be scope for the parallel development of both public and private initiatives in broadcasting, with a more effective and impartial agency of control. A new Liberal government will restore the morale and integrity of the C.B.C. Radio networks will be extended, so that all Canadians can come into contact with both English and French culture.  Immigration  Encourage steady immigration related to national economic growth.  In accepting a~ts, there will be no discrimination of 1 , race, colour or religion Family unity will be encouraged regardless of age or ethnic origin.  Ensure fair treatment for all intending immigrants.  Decisions of immigration officials will be subject to review by appropriate and independent tribunals.  Help newcomers to settle.  A new Liberal government will co operate with the provinces to provide adequate facilities for assisting immigrants of all ages in their knowledge of English and French.  Provide social benefits without discrimination.  Old age pensions and other benefits will be made .available to all qualifying Canadian citizens without a waiting period.  Political Reforms  Set rigid, enforceable limits to expenditures in election campaigns.  With the increased use of television, election _ ,,il expenses are becoming too large for the sound operation of democracy.  Pay election expenses from the federal treasury.  The expenses have to come from the public in some way in any event It is fairer and better that the treasury, to which all citizens contribute, should bear the cost. It will pay the permitted expenditures of all candidates who receive a reasonable proportion of the total votes cast in their constituency.  Reduce the federal voting age to 18 years.  In many aspects of daily life, we treat people as adults at 18. This should apply to the citizen's basic right of voting.  Ensure prompt redistribution of House of Commons; membership by a non partisan commission.  Redistribution is required after each census.  Delay denies to some parts of the country the representation to which they are entitled under the constitution.  Reform the Senate.  A new Liberal government will discuss with the provinces a constitutional reform, and will propose, for example, that future Senators be appointed for 15 years or to the age of 75.  OUR PLACE IN THE WORLD  Position for Peace  Restore respect for Canada and build Canada's influence for world peace.  Canada's ability to influence world affairs depends on the respect in which we are held. This in turn depends on working steadily and co operatively with our allies and with the uncommitted nations. It requires diplomacy that is strong but quiet, that is concerned with results rather than with rhetoric. A new liberal government will conduct external affairs in this spirit. It will give the 9 fullest support to the United Nations. It will work  to strengthen the unique partnership of free nations in the Commonwealth. It will co operate ~ constructively in efforts for controlled disarmament and the relief of international tensions. If there is wisdom and skill in government, Canada can do much to further the aims shared by freedom loving men everywhere lasting peace, release from political tyrannies, the improvement of man's lot throughout the world.  As an offensive for peace, increase aid to developing countries.  The progress of the new nations is of supreme importance to us all. A new liberal government will help them by an imaginative programme of training technicians here in Canada; by assistance I through UN programmes, the Colombo Plan, etc.; and by direct gifts, on a regular basis, of foods of which we have plentiful supplies. In particular, a new Liberal government will initiate active help to the West Indies, to which Canada has special ties as a Commonwealth country in the western hemisphere.  Responsibility in Defence  Make sure that defence policy is realistic.  Defence policy cannot be fixed for all time. Decisions must be made in the light of changing circumstances as they become known. There must be decisiveness in doing what is necessary when it is necessary. A democratic government should be frank with the people. In this spirit, a new Liberal government will not hesitate to adapt its defence policy to changing conditions and, even more important, will not shirk the responsibility of making clear decisions on defence policy when they are required.  Do our part in the Western alliance.  One country can no longer defend itself. Our military defence effort means our contribution to the North Atlantic Alliance, which is indispensable. At present the only military safeguard against all out attack is the retaliatory power of nuclear weapons in the hands of the United States. A new Liberal government will co operate fully in the warning systems and other continental measures necessary to preserve this deterrent power. It will maintain continental squadrons for patrol and surveillance duties.  Strengthen our mobile defence forces.  The West is relatively weak in the conventional forces that may be needed to deal with local violence without precipitating nuclear war. A new Liberal government will do Canada's share in strengthening such forces on land, on sea and in the air. Canadian forces will be equipped with the most modern weapons and air transport. They  t~ will be available and trained for United Nations or other assignments to keep the peace. A new Liberal government will press for the formation of a permanent UN police force.  Prevent waste in our defence effort.  We cannot afford to be indecisive or unrealistic, in our defence methods. We should constantly reassess the changing facts of the military situation and do strictly what is necessary, on a clear view of our responsibilities, which include those in the United Nations and in NATO. For example, Bomarc missiles are useless without nuclear warheads and their usefulness in any event is so doubtful that the present government is refusing to install warheads. A new Liberal government will prevent such costly hesitation and waste. It will not take decisions which involve large expenditures the use of weapons whose acquisition ptis then rejected by the government.  Keep down the number of nations with nuclear weapons.  The threat to peace will be greatly multiplied if more and more nations have nuclear weapons under their control. The spread of such weapons, in Canada or elsewhere, would not in any way increase, in present circumstances, the ultimate power of retaliation which is the only real safeguard against aggression. On the basis of present '`0 information, therefore, the defence policy of a new Liberal government will not require Canada to become a nuclear power by the manufacture, acquisition or use of nuclear weapons under Canadian or American control. A new Liberal government will, however, reserve the right to examine each new development in the light of its overriding responsibility for the security of the Canadian people.  Examine closely proposals for nuclear deterrence.  If the members of NATO make an agreement for a NATO nuclear deterrent under NATO collective, rather than national, control, then Canadian forces in NATO should not be prevented from participating in this agreement by acquiring the necessary NATO tactical and defensive nuclear weapons.  Defend the peace.  Peace with freedom is our only sure protection in the nuclear age. Armed strength on the western side is, however, necessary as long as it exists on the other side, and until there can be general disarmament and a reduction of international tensions. Royal Commission to probe Canada's entire taxation stricture and recommend reforms. Second Traps-Canada highway and an oil transport pipe line similar to the existing natural gas ;; pipe line, bridging West and East of Canada. Modernization of secondary industries under- written by government. - Expansion of export credit facilities to compete with foreign like services. Special incentives to attract industries not now in Canada and expansion of existing industries manufacturing goods now largely imported. Continued progress in establishing a national electric power grid. Improvement of inter-city commuter transport.6 Expansion of harbour and wharf construction. An integrated national plan for best use of land and water by establishing federal-provincial water boards. y Acreage payments to prairie farmers will be made permanent. Extension of the rapidly growing technical and vocational school training to include those' too young to retire but too old to work competitively. Providing investment extension whereby the small investor can share in the development of Canada. Expanding the present growing program of export marketing. Expanding the present Social Justice program to include a contributory retirement plan to supplement $65 per month old age pension. Establishment of an Atlantic development board to expand economic opportunities for. the seaside provinces. Building of a nine-mile causeway to link New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. We do not intend to expand or allow the expansion of nuclear weapons beyond those who have them. We want disarmament. With the United States and its overwhelming nuclear power there should be-no wider expansion of nuclear weapons and our purpose should be to achieve disarmament with some kind of inspection everywhere in the world.  SECURITY IN EMPLOYMENT  A New Democratic government will ensure that automation or technological change affecting employment will be introduced in an orderly and planned way. Retraining and maximum assistance during industrial transition will be provided.  Standards of employment will be improved through a National Labour Code enacted jointly by the federal and provincial governments, ensuring adequate minimum wages, with equal pay for equal work a five day, 40-hour week a minimum of two weeks vacation with pay each year full protection of the right of association and union security  HELP FOR THE CONSUMER  A New Democratic government will take immediate steps to safeguard the purchasing power of the consumer dollar. It will  enact legislation to prohibit unscrupulous promotion and pricing techniques  fix limits on interest rates charged on consumer credit  undertake a research program on and quality study of consumer goods  encourage consumer co-operatives and credit unions  A FAIR FARM INCOME  The farm policies of a New Democratic government will maintain the family farm as the cornerstone of Canada's agricultural community constitute a system of producer marketing boards organized on a commodity basis provide a parity price level for farm products, to raise farm income provide farmers with capital assistance to take advantage of new farming techniques and equipment encourage greater use of co-operatives in distribution and processing  EDUCATION  In order that the provinces and municipalities can meet their obligations in the field of education, a New Democratic government will make the necessary financial arrangements with the provinces to enable them to provide free education at all levels to those who can benefit from it adequate allowances new and better schools, vocational training centres and universities better training facilities and fair salary standards  INCOME FOR RETIREMENT  Retired citizens will be assured of a greater share in Canada's abundance. A New Democratic government will immediately increase the old age pension to $75 a month. This will be available to everyone at age 65, with no means test introduce a supplementary, portable, contributory pension make periodic adjustments to these payments recognizing increased productivity and changed living costs  CO-OPERATIVE FEDERALISM  A New Democratic government will give Canada's federal system a new and vigorous impetus. Greater understanding and co-operation between the federal and provincial governments will be ensured bye Department of federal-provincial Relations sufficient funds for provinces to carry out their constitutional responsibilities freely-negotiated joint federal-provincial programs for the general welfare of Canadians freedom for provinces to remain outside joint programs, without preventing other provinces from going ahead a Commission of Enquiry on Canadian Federalism and BiCulturalism Wherever education, language and like provincial rights are concerned, a province not participating in a joint program will not forego its right to equivalent funds  CO-OPERATION FOR PEACE  Canada can play a vital role in preserving world peace. In international affairs, a New Democratic government willwork to strengthen the united Nations and its agencies give dynamic leadership in the promotion of s universal disarmament, which has become an - essential condition of human survival  reject nuclear weapons for Canada, oppose their e extension to any other country, and work fully with other non-nuclear nations to this end support the forces of freedom against all forms of totalitarianism seek a reappraisal and change of NATO's policies and objectives, to make NATO an effective instrument for peace assist the development and economic growth of newly independent countries steadily enlarge Canada's program of economic aid, loans and technical assistance to underdeveloped countries, to two per cent of the national income.  INDUSTRY  A program to locate industry-if necessary, a whole new industrial complex-in communities which today face the prospect of continued economic distress. Through genuine incentives to industries seeking new sites, by lending money at low interest rates for the initiation of industrial and manufacturing projects, and by a massive push in new public investment.  INVESTMENT  Investment capital will be directed into those public and private endeavours which contribute to the growth of Canada as a whole. A Development Fund will give all Canadians a chance to invest and participate in their country's development.  FOREIGN CAPITAL  American subsidiaries operating in Canada will be prevented from making economic decisions for us. Canada will continue to need large amounts of foreign investment capital, but those who invest must not be permitted to determine our policies.  HOUSING  Pleasant and well-built homes at a price a family can afford, with low-interest mortgage loans and low down payments, and good homes and apartments at low rents.  THE RIGHT TO HEALTH  Medical science has made remarkable progress over the past 50 years. Today the modern doctor is able to perform what would have been regarded as miracles only half a century ago.  At the same time, the cost of medical care has increased tremendously, and this cost is something for which the average family cannot budget in advance. Illness cannot be foreseen. Consequently, even a family with a fairly good income can find itself in serious financial difficulties when faced with heavy doctor bills. This is all the more true if the patient happens to be the breadwinner of the family.  Canada must adopt some means of protecting the individual and his family against the financial catastrophe which occurs when serious illness comes into the home. Nothing must come between the citizen and his right to health.  Are Private Plans The Answer?  Private medical plans do not guarantee every Canadian his right to health. They are inadequate for two reasons.  First, many people cannot belong to these plans. Some cannot afford the premiums. Others are not allowed to join because they are too old. Still others are excluded because they have a medical condition which makes them a bad risk.  Second, private plans do not take into account a person's ability to pay. They charge the same rate for every family. A family with an income of $2,000 a year must pay the same premium as a family with a yearly income of $20,000.  Sometimes it is suggested that those who cannot afford to belong to a private plan could have their premiums paid for them by the government. But this means that in order to be covered, hundreds of thousands of Canadians would have to pass a means test. This would cost money to administer and would involve a lot of red tape. Worst of all, it would be humiliating.  The New Democratic party believes that all Canadians are entitled to medical care as a human righC The time has passed when Canadians should be required to prove they have no money before they can get the health services they need.  The New Democratic Plan  The New Democratic plan will provide health care to all Canadians. It will be based on two fundamental principles.  Fust, services must be available to every citizen when needed. regardless of income. Second, the cost must be spread over society as a whole, each person contributing on the basis of ability to pay.  1. Comprehensive Coverage  Every resident of Canada will be covered.  2. Administered by the Provinces  The plan will be administered by the provinces THE OBJECTIVES  In the Field of Human Relations and Development To encourage and assist each individual to achieve a full and abundant life through the exercise of personal initiative and the assumption of individual responsibility. To mobilize and guide the collective knowledge, experience, and strength of organized society into channels which will ensure the maximum opportunity for individual self-development and achievement. To establish and preserve a truly democratic form of society based on the rule of law in which each individual will be assured: 1) Social, economic, political, and religious freedom. 2) The impartial administration of justice. 3) An opportunity to attain through individual and collective effort a maximum measure of prosperity, security and cultural progress.  In the Field of Economics To achieve the orderly development of Canada's material resources in the interests of all her people under a system of free and competitive enterprise in which the Government's function will be to encourage and assist individual effort and prevent the abuse of freedom. To operate the national monetary system in a manner that will ensure: 1) That the nation's aggregate supply of money and credit will always be sufficient to finance the distribution of the entire national production for which there is consumer demand. 2) That the nation's money supply is distributed in such a manner that all citizens will have an opportunity to acquire sufficient to ensure at least a basic minimum standard of living. 3) That the national economy will be safeguarded from the evil effects of both inflation and deflation.  In the Field of Politics To encourage and assist the Canadian people to become well informed and actively interested in the basic objectives and principles herein enunciated and in all issues pertinent to the wise conduct of their public affairs. To elect a National Social Credit Government pledged to these objectives and principles, and to E' ; i, their orderly implementation.  THE FOUR BASIC PRINCIPLES  1. The individual is the most important factor in organized society and as a divinely-created being with both spiritual and physical potentials and needs, has certain inalienable rights which must be respected and preserved.  2. The major function of democratic government in organized society is to secure for the people the results they want from the management of their public affairs as far as such results are physically possible and morally right.  3. Security with freedom. Material security alone is not enough,  4. Whatever is physically possible and desirable and morally right can and should be made financially possible. Y Social Credit is unalterably opposed to com- munism, fascism, and all other forms of socialism which make the individual citizen subservient to the State. Social Credit recognizes the family as the basic unit of society and regards the sanctity of the home as fundamental to the preservation of Christian civilization.  AN OUTLINE OF POLICIES  FISCAL POLICY  The effective regulation of the nation's aggregate supply of money and credit to ensure a proper balance between consumer purchasing power and gross national production, including flexible measures to control both inflationary and deflationary trends and preserve the value of the Canadian dollar. The development of procedures to ensure the I widest possible distribution of purchasing power to provide the maximum opportunity for each individual to improve his standard of living. An intelligent reform of the national tax structure to remove inequities and eliminate those ; forms of taxation which unduly retard development and penalize individual enterprise. The objective would be to establish an equitable tax structure through which: > 1) The people of Canada could finance collectively those services which they require the state to provide and pay for on their , behalf.  ) The Government of Canada could withdraw excessive credit when necessary to control inflation.  The progressive transfer to the Bank of Canada of the national debt and its orderly and ultimate liquidation.  The extension of the functions of the Bank of Canada to include:  1) Making available to the provinces and their municipalities, capital for public facilities necessary to provide essential services.  2) The provision, directly or indirectly, of capital necessary for economic and industrial projects considered vital to the economy and wellbeing of the nation but of such a nature that they cannot be expected to attract private capital through ordinary channels.  The promotion of programmes and the provision of inducements to encourage thrift and personal savings, and their investment in private and/or co-operative enterprise.  FEDERAL-PROVINCIAL RELATIONS  To develop, in co-operation with the provinces, a joint programme for raising public revenue for which all participating governments would assume responsibility and from which each government's direct sources of revenue would be augmented sufficiently to enable them to discharge their constitutional responsibilities in such fields as education, public health and welfare at a level compatible with the national good, and Canada's over-all economic status.  Except where joint projects are approved by mutual agreement, a Social Credit Government will replace cost sharing programmes by unconditional fiscal aid to restore to provincial governments the maximum measure of independence in all matters within their constitutional jurisdiction.  To strive for the mutual agreement between the Federal and Provincial Governments necessary to convert the B.N.A. Act into a wholly Canadian constitution domiciled in Canada and embodying an acceptable amending formulae [sic] that would make possible a clarification of the responsibilities of both levels of government with provision for the delegation of powers by mutual agreement and within clearly defined limits.  DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES  To encourage the orderly and continuous development of Canada's vast resources under a system of free competitive enterprise with proper regard for the preferred position to which Cana than citizens are justly entitled in such fields as management, employment, investment and in the national and regional benefits made possible by such development.  To pursue an aggressive programme of scientific research into the human, physical, and technological aspects of resources utilization and industrial development.  AGRICULTURE  The recognition of agriculture as an essential primary industry and the implementation of such measures as are necessary to preserve the incentive for production adequate to provide far the full needs of the Canadian people with sufficient surpluses to enable Canada to assist in banishing world hunger.  To make whatever provisions are necessary to relieve the hardships occasioned by the inevitable adjustments in the agricultural economy dictated by changing circumstances and the progress of our times.  To inaugurate a two-price system for wheat under which producers would be assured a fair minimum price for that portion of their production absorbed by the domestic market with the balance to be sold on the world market at prevailing competitive prices.  TRADE AND COMMERCE  International  To strive for mutually advantageous trade agreements with other nations based on absolute integrity and honesty of dealing.  To accept the currency of other nations within the limits of feasibility and to extend credit to other nations for the purchase of Canadian products on mutually acceptable terms.  To work actively and contribute generously in co-operation with other nations to make possible an orderly programme for the banishment of hunger and want without disrupting world markets and creating international friction.  Domestic  The elimination of unnecessary restrictions which impair domestic trade and commerce and which are incompatible with a free enterprise economy.  The prohibition of monopolies and cartels and the careful supervision of trade practices to prevent abuses of freedom and the unfair exploitation of the Canadian people.  LABOUR  The goal in labour-management relations must be to establish and maintain a recognition by both management and labour that they have a joint or co-equal responsibility for the level of national production which determines the standard of living possible to the Canadian people. To that end, as far as labour matters lie within the jurisdiction of Parliament, a Social Credit Government would:  Promote and encourage harmonious and responsible labour-management relations.  Protect impartially the just rights of both employers and employees.  Protect the rights of employees to organize and ` prevent the domination of legitimate labour unions by management or foreign labour organizations.  Protect the rights of employees directly affected by a labour dispute to strike, conduct peaceful picketing and employ any other lawful means to attain their objectives.  Provide fact finding, mediation and arbitration facilities and special tribunals to aid in resolving labour disputes within federal jurisdiction and to co-operate with the provinces by putting such facilities at their disposal if and when requested by the parties concerned.  To protect the public interest in cases where labour disputes threaten to inflict loss and hardship on innocent sections of the Canadian people or the national economy by designating such disputes as disputes in which the findings of a special tribunal shall be final and binding.  To establish a Labour-Management Advisory Council to advise the Government in matters pertaining to labour-management relations.  I  1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS  ' A constructive policy of international good-  will based on respect for the sovereignty, rights, and legitimate interests of all nations.  Active and constructive participation in the United Nations Organization in the role of an independent nation dedicated to the cause of world peace rather than as a member nation of any of the several world power blocs.  To give leadership in promoting and establishing non-military international organizations to stimulate international understanding and goodwill.  To maintain a national pool of technical and professional personnel whose services would be available to other nations to aid in the development of their material and human resources in the interests of international co-operation and goodwill.  NATIONAL DEFENCE  A realistic defence policy based on the following premises:  1) Canada is and intends to remain a nonaggressor nation. i  2) Canada's geographical factors and small population make sustained effective defence against a major aggressor impossible without the aid of other nations. Having regard to these facts, a Social Credit Government would:  1. Re-design Canada's defence strategy and military forces to eliminate useless expenditures on forms of defence obsolete in the light of a modern circumstances.  2. Concentrate on establishing powerful well- equipped, highly mobile forces strategically deployed and capable of immediate airborne trans- port to any area of Canada.  3. Organize a large and well trained reserve army from which, in the event of necessity, men could quickly be drawn into active service and civil defence.  4. Actively work to strengthen and extend NATO or any similar organization as an effective pact for the defence of non-aggressor nations but x ' not for purposes which offend against the sovereign rights and legitimate interests of other nations.  JUSTICE AND THE REHABILITATION OF OFFENDERS  To exercise every effort to ensure absolute justice and equality for all, irrespective of colour, race, creed, or social status and to uphold the rule of law without equivocation. To ensure an efficient and respected judiciary t by making all judicial appointments on the basis of qualifications alone. To reform progressively the national penal system to ensure more efficient custodial care and the maximum opportunity for rehabilitation of those guilty of offences against society.  SOCIAL WELFARE  To assume responsibility for the provision of national minimum standards of social services for all Canadian citizens in such fields as education, health and social welfare. To ensure such national standards without infringement on provincial autonomy and in full co-operation with the provinces to ensure flexibility in co-ordinating national services with the social welfare programme of each province.  NATIONAL DEFENCE  A realistic defence policy based on the following premises:  1) Canada is and intends to remain a nonaggressor nation.  2) Canada's geographical factors and small population make sustained effective defence against a major aggressor impossible without the aid of other nations. Having regard to these facts, a Social Credit Government would:  1. Re-design Canada's defence strategy and military forces to eliminate useless expenditures on forms of defence obsolete in the light of a modern circumstances.  2. Concentrate on establishing powerful well- equipped, highly mobile forces strategically deployed and capable of immediate airborne trans- port to any area of Canada.  3. Organize a large and well trained reserve army from which, in the event of necessity, men could quickly be drawn into active service and civil defence.  4. Actively work to strengthen and extend NATO or any similar organization as an effective pact for the defence of non-aggressor nations but x ' not for purposes which offend against the sover- eign rights and legitimate interests of other nations.  JUSTICE AND THE REHABILITATION OF OFFENDERS  To exercise every effort to ensure absolute justice and equality for all, irrespective of colour, race, creed, or social status and to uphold the rule of law without equivocation. To ensure an efficient and respected judiciary t by making all judicial appointments on the basis of qualifications alone. To reform progressively the national penal system to ensure more efficient custodial care and the maximum opportunity for rehabilitation of those guilty of offences against society.  SOCIAL WELFARE  To assume responsibility for the provision of national minimum standards of social services for all Canadian citizens in such fields as education, health and social welfare. To ensure such national standards without infringement on provincial autonomy and in full co-operation with the provinces to ensure flexibility in co-ordinating national services with the social welfare programme of each province.  To review and progressively raise such national minimum standards as the growth and development of the national economy makes possible.  CANADIAN CITIZENSHIP AND IMMIGRATION  To enhance the value and meaning of Canadian citizenship by making Canada a land of real opportunity for all who assume their responsibilities as citizens.  A programme of immigration which will provide a regulated flow of new immigrants to Canada comprised of individuals desirous and capable of accepting and being assimilated into the Canadian way of life.  To stimulate pride in Canadian citizenship by:  1) Raising Canada's prestige in the eyes of the world as a leader among progressive, peace loving nations.  2) Ensuring to Canadian citizens rightful priority in employment, investment, and development opportunities and in the benefits accruing from the growth and progress of their nation.  To strive to raise the standard and prestige of public life to the end that public service will be accepted by men and women of the highest character and ideals as a welcome privilege and responsibility of citizenship.  n  CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT  To strive for a distinctive Canadian culture that will retain and further develop the cultural heritage Canada has required from citizens of different ethnic origin.  To raise national standards of culture through national and regional agencies including the radio and television and other mass media facilities.  To provide maximum opportunity for appreciation of, and participation in constructive cultural activities decentralized to local community level.  To facilitate the training of local leaders in recognized fields of community cultural activities.  RECREATION AND LEISURE  To promote and encourage the constructive use of leisure time and the development of worthwhile recreational pursuits.  To assist in providing at local level practical recreational facilities and trained local leadership to promote maximum community interest and participation.  YOUTH  To provide practical leadership in assisting Canada's youth to recognize and exploit their potential talents and abilities for their own advancement and the good of mankind.  To co-operate with the provinces in promoting constructive youth programmes at local community level in such fields as vocational pursuits, sports, recreational activities and affording maximum participation and having as their objective the physical, mental, social, and spiritual development of youth and their preparation for the responsibilities of leadership and citizenship.  To establish a National Youth Council which would work in affiliation with the Canada Council and Canada Foundation, through which all acceptable youth organizations may have liaison and assistance.  To establish a national education and research foundation which would facilitate the granting of bursaries, scholarships and research grants to students and educational institutions deserving of assistance in every field of endeavour essential to Canadian cultural and scientific progress.  THE SPIRITUAL VERITIES  No nation can be truly great or permanently strong unless its people recognize and acknowledge the eternal Deity, Sovereignty, and Righteousness of God and His meritorious right to man's worship and allegiance. The voluntary acceptance of this individual and collective responsibility is basic to enduring progress and the dignity of man.  [From the Cape Breton Post, May, 1962]  Citizens' benefits that include adequate old-age pensions, higher tax exemptions, health facilities for all and a labor code.  Measures for a firm Canadian economy that include liquidation of national debt by a pay-asyou-go government, protection of private enterprise and property, parity farm prices.  National development through development of natural resources by Canadian enterprise, reduced interest rates on capital loans for municipal projects, adoption of a distinctive flag and anthem, and a reserve army adopted to our needs.  Youth benefits that include the right to vote at the age of 18, a program to encourage amateur and Olympic sports, and study grants.  Measures to provide a more democratic government through Senate reform, establishment of Canadian sovereignty, abolition of patronage and privilege, and non-political judicial appointments. Measures to aid world peace such as development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, membership in the Organization of American States, free trade to eliminate hunger and privation in the world, and control of national credit through the Bank of Canada.  LABOR  A labor-management advisory council.  Provision of fact-finding conciliation and mediation facilities to solve any disputes which fall under federal jurisdiction.  Disputes which might harm the national economy or security, or which create an emergency threatening the life, well-being or safety of any segment of the Canadian public, will be referred to a special tribunal where decisions will be final . . . but only when normal procedures fail.  The flow of union dues which continues to pour across the border could be more profitably spent in promoting the real interests of organized labour in Canada.  The compulsory check-off is wrong since it may compel a man, at the cost of his job, to support a political party financially which he may not wish to support politically.  NUCLEAR WEAPONS  There is danger in a lot of nations having nuclear weapons. We must keep the nuclear club as small as possible.  HEALTH INSURANCE  A Social Credit government would make prepaid health insurance available to senior citizens, representing about 10 per cent of the population.  TAXES  Any government that takes 25 per cent of the dollar takes away the basic freedoms of the people. Then we're not very far from some form of an authoritarian state.