NATIONAL UNITY  Confederation was founded and rests upon unity in equality between the two basic races of Canada with every Canadian, regardless of race or creed, having equality in citizenship and equality of opportunity for human betterment and economic progress.  There shall be no second-class citizens in this country. There shall be no weakening of Confederation. The dismantling, piece-by-piece, of our country must stop. Canada cannot exist without Quebec, nor can we visualize Quebec without Canada.  We shall maintain the fundamental freedoms and rights of the individual as set out in the Bill of Rights.  The Progressive Conservative Party is the Party of individual rights, and of provincial rights. In matters of national interest, we will not trade or barter with the peoples' birthright, either within our borders or without.  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government will:  1. Convene a great National Conference on Confederation and by consultation and agreement make such amendments to the Constitution as the experience of one hundred years has proven necessary and desirable.  2. Make the British North America Act a Canadian Statute. `  INTEGRITY IN PUBLIC LIFE  The Canadian people have been shocked in the last year by wrongdoing in high places in the Government of Canada, and aeon to dean up the .mess is imperative and will be proceeded with vigorously and effectively.  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government will:  Restore integrity to public life.  EDUCATION  The Progressive Conservative Party places before the Canadian people a comprehensive program of federal aid to higher education. The university student body numbers about 175,000.  Despite lavish promises made in the 1963 campaign by Mr. Pearson, this government has laboured only to bring forth a mouse. In the place of the promised 10,000 scholarships of $1,000 each, they produced, after two and a half years in office, only repayable loans for students. They deceived the people.  The object of the program is to expand existing facilities in the field of medicine and related subjects, scientific research, the liberal arts and professions, and to ensure that higher education will be made available to the widest possible number of those capable of taking it.  During our period in office we raised the per capita grant to universities from $1.00 to $2.00.  The Conservative Government provided loans for the construction of university residences.  The most spectacular federal contribution to education in recent years was the passing of the Technical and Vocational Training Assistance Act in December 1960, under which the Conservative Government agreed to contribute to each, province 75% of the capital cost of schools and training programs.  Higher education must not become an institution reserved for the privileged.  In effect this means that Canada is not making full use of its human resources.  It holds up the danger of Canada lagging behind in an age where scientific,- development is taking place more rapidly than in any other age in human history.  It means that thousands of young Canadians are being deprived of the opportunity of making a maximum contribution, economically and socially, and that the nation is poorer because of that fact.  We are giving university education to less than 20% of our young people qualified to receive it; while in the United States higher education is being granted to 43 % of those eligible. .  It is estimated that higher education contributes 40% of our rate of growth.  To a great extent, the nation's destiny is dependent upon the level of education: Yet, ' in Canada, according to the 1961 census, only 4% of the population out of school and between the ages of 25 and 44 had university degrees. .  Among the most important of our "Policies for. People" is that in regard to education.  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government will: 1. Increase the federal per capita grant immediately from $2.00 to $5.00.  2. Discuss with the provinces and the universities distribution of the grant according to a more satisfactory enrolment formula to meet the situation.  a) In certain provinces which have larger student bodies than represented by the population, of the province, and  b) In certain provinces which have an academic responsibility that extends beyond their l own provincial boundaries.  3. Increase research grants to the National Research Council for scientific research.  4. Increase university research grants to the '. Medical Research Council for research in medicine-, and 5. Increase university research grants to the Canada Council for research in the social science and the humanities.  6. Implement the Hall Commission recommendations on education in the health field; capital fund for expansion of existing facilities and development of new facilities in medicine, dentistry and nursing. We shall set up a capital fund, as recommended by the Hall Commission, for construction of teaching hospitals with research facilities.  7. Extend the vocational and training school formula of 75%-25% federal and provincial contributions to capital - costs to universities and colleges.  8. Increase income tax deductions on gifts to universities.  9. Give consideration. to meeting the problem of tuition fees.  10. Allow municipal taxes paid by home-occupying owners, up to a ceiling of $500, as a deductible expense in the calculation of personal income tax.  L 11. Set up a Department of Youth Affairs.  NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT  . Canada can preserve its sovereignty as a nation only as it expands to the maximum national development and groth. The Progressive Conservative Party will give' Canada leadership is its expansion to make proper use of its resources and to develop, markets within Canada and abroad.  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government will take measures to bring about:  1. A National Power Grid, with provincial cooperation to link Canada east and west, north and south, so that electric power will be available to markets under a National Energy Policy.  2. A National Policy that will preserve our great water resources for Canada's needs, and will take measures for de-pollution and anti-pollution.  3. An increase in assistance for conservation areas for recreation parks near large urban centres.  AGRICULTURE  The Progressive Conservatives will bring back energy and vision to the federal agricultural policy. Farmers will receive a fair share of Canada's national income.  An aggressive selling policy for western wheat brought new prosperity to the west under Progressive Conservative leadership. Today, many farm areas in eastern Canada lag far behind in sharing Canada's wealth. This lag is contributed to by federal indifference to agriculture. A Pro gressive Conservative Government will put agriculture on its feet in these areas of Canada.  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government. w(U:  1. Continue to expand wheat sales in world markets, consistent with its policy of selling to China and Russia. We will provide credit for export sales and support the World Food Bank at a higher level than at present.  2. Assure that farm credit is available `under low interest rates for young people to expand and improve farms and farm homes.  3. Assist agricultural schools construction. As part of the training for scientific farming, a Progressive Conservative Government will provide in conjunction with provincial and local authorities--funds for the construction of agricultural training schools and agricultural courses similar to those grants made for the development of vocational training schools. A similar program helped to build 200 schools in urban areas.  4. Actively develop agricultural rehabilitation. The Progressive Conservative Government started ARDA (Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Act), the first comprehensive and longrange plan for rural development in Canadian history. A Progressive Conservative Government will put these findings into action, and develop economic assistance to farm areas and produce effective action in soil, drainage and reclamation projects.  5. Provide a National Dairy Policy with payments of $4 per hundred weight on industrial milk and establish a National Dairy Board.  6. Establish a National Council for 'eastern agriculture with representation from the federal government, the provincial governments and provincial farm organizations concerned.  7. Establish an Eastern Canada Feed Grain Agency.  8. Amend the Crop Insurance Act and pass such regulations under this statute as are necessary to provide:  a) Coverage under the Act of the feed grain and pasture crops of Eastern Canada by enabling them to become insured crops so as to improve the livestock economy of the country;  b) Considerably increase the insurance- coverage allowed under the Act from its existing level of 60% of the loss suffered.  URBAN DEVELOPMENT  Great metropolitan areas have emerged. Growth has been swift and problems and pressures are sharp. Canada’s city areas have spilled over into suburbs.  Sound development of Canada requires equal opportunity for every part of our land. What were regarded as local problems a generation ago now are of national concern.  A Progressive Conservative policy is to provide equal opportunity for young families to live in better homes, for youth to receive better education, for small businessmen to receive equal opportunity to progress, for retired people to lead useful lives in the community.  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government will:  1. Accelerate the program of urban renewal and replacement in co-operation with the provinces and the municipalities and assistance in research on city planning on a national scale.  2. Provide through the National Housing Act for mortgages on older homes, to assist the mobility of our productive population.  3. Provide through the National Housing Act for the writing up of existing partly paid-up NHA mortgages to assist in the sale of older homes and to increase the ease of population shifts.  CONSUMER CREDIT RATES  Interest rates on loans for household and consumers' goods ranging from 18% to 32%o are unfair and unequitable.  For some years Canadian farmers have enjoyed protection against overly high interest rates on money borrowed for farm improvement. The Progressive Conservative Party believes that the Canadian family living in the urban centres should have similar rights and protection.  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government will:  Bring a reduction in present high interest rates on consumer credit through a Consumers' Loans Act providing credit to urban dwellers similar to that now provided to farmers under the Farm Loans Act.  TAX INCENTIVES  Tax burdens must be reduced if Canada is to compete in world markets. The Progressive Conservative Party contends that the burden of taxation on most sectors of the economy is oppressive and so high as to dull incentive. We believe that lower taxes will stimulate the economy, increase production and total tax revenues.  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government will:  1: Encourage home ownership and ease property tax burden: by exempting from taxable income the amount of municipal taxes paid on owner-occupied homes beginning with an exemption up to $500 a year.  2. Exempt the 1196 manufacturers' sales tax on building materials and production machinery.  3. Reduce present levels of corporate and personal income taxes. We are optimistic that reductions can be made without materially affecting national revenue by the increase and impetus such reductions will have on production.  4. Develop tax inducements for Canadians to improve their share of equity ownership.  5. Allow new mine tax exemption to potash mining using solution mining method.  TRADE  Trade is a bridge to peace.  No country is as dependent on foreign trade as Canada No country in the world has a greater opportunity to expand it and to carry Canadian prosperity to new heights.  The world needs Canada's goods, and Canada needs world trade for our own prosperity.  Resources in short supply utilized by the genius of Canadian production technology offer Canada the greatest challenge in world trading history.  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government will:  1. Extend the aggressive trade measures taken when we were in office.  2. Undertake major port expansions.  3. While encouraging Canadians to invest and develop their resources, we shall welcome foreign investors, and we shall assure foreign investors in Canada that they will not be discriminated against by retroactive government legislation as has been the course followed or threatened by the Liberal Government.  SOCIAL JUSTICE  Policy:  A Progressive Conservative Government will:  Increase the Old Age Pension to $100 a month. Social Credit presents an adequate and realistic platform which will build a freer and more prosperous nation and assure economic security to all.  UNITY AND NATIONAL PURPOSE  To develop in Canada a sense of national harmony and of common understanding, Social Credit will:  1) Give. the Canadian people full sove;eignty over their constitution.  2) Establish better cooperation between the two cultures which are the basis of Confederation in the federal government and establish a special commission on bilingualism and bi-culturalism.  3 ) At all times respect the constitutional rights of the provinces and assure them of the revenues necessary to carry out the responsibilities which flow from those rights.  4) Adopt a distinctive national flag and national anthem.  5) Give recognition to all employees of the federal government and crown corporations who are competent in our two official languages and additional languages of value in their employment.  PRIVATE ENTERPRISE  To encourage private enterprise and to combat monopolies Social Credit will:  1) Create for all classes of society and industry an economic climate which will encourage enterprise and initiative, and preserve the liberties and responsibilities of the individual.  2) Fight all forms of monopoly which work against the public interest.  3) Maintain the impartial enforcement of law and respect human dignity, by guaranteeing for all men, (regardless of race, creed, colour, social position or political allegiance) absolute equality under the law.  INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS  So that Canada may become a leader among the democratic nations and so that the conduct and example of our country will make a real contribution to peace in the world, Social Credit will  1)  Work as a world force for peace and democracy.  2) Make more positive Canada's role in Western hemisphere affairs by joining the O.A.S.  3) Undertake an intensive programme of aid to under-industrialized nations to effectively combat communism.  PARLIAMENTARY AND GOVERNMENT REFORM  To assure proper and efficient functioning of an alert and realistic government, Social Credit will:  1 ) Set up a ministry of Federal Provincial Affairs which will deal with all the problems between the two levels of governments concerning their respective rights.  2) Extend the right to vote to all citizens 18 years of age and over.  3 ) Modernize parliamentary procedures for greater efficiency.  4) Undertake reform of the Senate by setting a time limit on the tenure of an appointment, and nominate Senators one half by the federal government and one half by the provinces.  5) Form a body independent of politics to recommend appointments to federal judgeships so that patronage will be eliminated.  Establish new standards of honesty, efficiency and morality in government.  FINANCIAL POLICY  A Social Credit government will establish a modern and scientific monetary system, without inflation or deflation, and give the Canadian Parliament control of our money supply and credit through the Bank of Canada.  A Social Credit government will create a municipal development bank to finance the cost of public capital projects such as public works, bridges, government buildings, hospitals, etc. Such a bank would loan money to municipalities, school boards, and provincial governments for non-commercial capital purposes, thus freeing private investment for private enterprise capital needs.  The law governing C.M.H.C. would be amended by Social Credit government to allow C.M.H.C. to accept mortgages in all organized municipalities and towns in Canada.  A Social Credit government would institute an Import-Export Bank to facilitate the handling of foreign exchange and to enable us to accept the currency of other nations in payment for our goods and services and keeping the balance of payments in good order in our trade with other countries.  ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT  To assure the economic climate essential for the growth of agriculture and industry and development of our resources, Social Credit will:  1) Institute a two price parity system for agriculture and primary industry so as to compete in foreign markets.  2) Formulate agricultural policy so as to encourage and save the family farm and provide a reasonable income.  3) Find new markets at home and abroad and by agreement, establish freer trade with the USA, the Commonwealth, Latin America and other friendly nations.  4) Encourage coordination of efforts between management and labour by expansion of the National Productivity Council so as to guarantee the best possible utilization of the entire economic potential of Canada.  5) Provide expanded long term credit to farmers.  6) Cooperate with the Provinces to establish a comprehensive system of crop insurance.  FISCAL POLICY  To put an end to the crushing burden of debt and taxes, Social Credit will:  1) Adopt a system of "Pay-as-you-go" for government projects, thus putting a brake to the ruinous financial deficit policies which Canada has followed for so long.  2) Reduce taxes to help individuals as well as industry. Social Credit would put into effect the following tax changes:  a) Gradually reduce corporation taxes, with emphasis on those which are at least 51 % owned and controlled by residents of Canada.  b) Allow fair exemptions and depreciation to encourage Canadian investment in industries and in their development.  c) Allow depreciation on private homes to be deducted from income tax.  d) Allow income tax deductions on workmen's tools used in earning a living.  e) Raise the base for income tax exemptions.  f) Give additional tax concessions to those corporations which have established profit sharing plans for their employees according to an agreed formula.  SOCIAL WELFARE  To assure every Canadian a minimum standard of living and permit him to participate in the economic expansion of Canada, Social Credit will: 1) Set minimum basic income and health care standards for the aged, and all in need, so that they may be assured of an acceptable standard of living.  2) Extend student allowances to the mothers of all students over 16 years of age so that they may continue bona fide studies if they so desire until the age of 20 years.  3) Adjust family allowances and old age pensions according to the cost of living.  LABOUR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS  a  Social Credit realizes that the object of all production is to satisfy human needs.  Social Credit recognizes that the continuing collaboration of management and labour will assure efficient production.  The right of collective association is a natural right and must be recognized by clear and precise legislation.  Social Credit recognizes the need for a written labour code prepared by a committee formed by representatives of Government, management and labour.  NATIONAL DEFENCE  The Social Credit Party firmly believes that offensive nuclear weapons have no place in Canada's military programme. As individuals, we are morally opposed to all devices of mass destruction. We must intensify our efforts towards multilateral nuclear disarmament.  The defence of Canada must be maintained. In light of changing military techniques and strategy, Canada's defence policy must be removed once and for all from partisan politics. Social Credit pledges that upon election, it will immediately appoint a non-partisan Parliamentary Defence Committee to recommend defence policies in light of secret security information, military requirements and international developments.  Social Credit believes that Canada's armed forces must be equipped with highly mobile and effectively co-ordinated conventional defence equipment. The efficient surveillance of her skies and adjacent waters must be maintained.  Social Credit will develop Canada's role in the world towards greater mutual understanding and assistance. In the war against want, Canada must be concerned for the rights and the desperate needs of the less privileged people in the world. Our friends expect and should have our moral and material support. Canada can and must lead in the peaceful development of our world for the benefit of all freedom loving people. This involves responsible co-operation with our neighbours and friends and includes joining the O.A.S. in our own hemisphere.  FARM POLICY  The greatest need today is for a concerted effort by the federal government to expand our trade with those countries that will buy Canadian wheat on a long term and regular basis. The Social Credit Party is convinced that we can achieve this if we would accept expansion of imports from those countries, offer credit loans and accept currencies other than dollars in payment.  Another great problem facing Canadian farmers is the need for long term credit to be made available to them. The federal government has exclusive authority over the regulation of credit and currency in Canada, and, therefore, it is their responsibility to make provision for this long term credit. We believe the Farm Credit Corporation and other agencies for granting credit to farmers should be adjusted so that thousands of farmers who are unable to make use of these facilities at the present time, could make use of these services.  It is also the responsibility of the federal government to recognize that almost every other country in the world does subsidize food production. If we are to compete in international trade with these subsidized farming programmes, we must at least remove many of the barriers that prohibit us from trading with countries who would otherwise buy our surplus food.  History has proven and the Social Credit Party recognizes that the whole economy of Canada will be strong and healthy only if the agriculture sector is strong and healthy. INTRODUCTION  The New Democratic Party believes that the destiny of Canada must be shed by its people.  The development o anada s vast resources, and the way in which the benefits should be shared, are matters which Canadians must decide through their own democratically-elected Parliament and legislatures. Canadians will not tolerate control by faceless corporations as a substitute for democracy.  New Democrats want to hand on to the children of Canada a new society, where excessive privilege and wealth for the few will be replaced by equal opportunities for the many. A new society in a new world.  They want to create a society where the technological revolution-computers and automation -will be used to create an exciting environment in which greater knowledge and human fulfillment will enrich the quality of life for all.  They want to create a society where the individual will not be dominated by any organization, public or private, and where the dead weight of one bureaucracy will not be substituted for another.  To make such fundamental changes in society is an exciting project. Ordinary and extraordinary Canadians can join in the task of demonstrating the belief of the New Democratic Party that it is people who count.  I ESTABLISHING THE NEw TERMS OF CONFEDERATION  The most urgent task facing Canadians is to come to terms with the new conditions for our survival as one country. Canada was created and will be strengthened by a voluntary and renewing act of will on the part of both our founding races and of all who have shared with them in building this country.  The pace of change has made Confederation out of date in many important respects. Ending our present crisis means finding the new terms by which Canada can continue.  We must create our own constitution, embodying guarantees for the civil rights of all Canadians and the assurance that no one will suffer because he speaks just one of our two major languages.  We must ensure that French-speaking communities outside Quebec can claim the same language rights as the English-speaking minority in Quebec have enjoyed for over a century.  Confederation involves more than language and culture. It is a federal system, struggling to meet enormously expanded government responsibilities with financial resources allocated for the needs of a different age. The crisis of Confederation flows from the many solitudes-cultural, regional, social and economic-that are Canada.  Canadian federalism needs a central government able to give overall direction to our economy and to overcome regional disparities of wealth. Equally, our federal system demands that provinces (and municipalities) have the funds to meet their particular responsibilities. The costs of almost every new expansion of services, from super-highways to medicare, has fallen, in the first instance, on provincial governments.  A new basis for modern federalism means:  We must replace secret, hurried premiers' conferences with permanent machinery for consultation and co-operation, including a Federal-Provincial Planning and Development Council to make sure that the economic and social plans of our levels of government dovetail.  We must find new arrangements for making needed finances available to the provinces and promoting joint agreements to provide funds for broad objectives such as low-income housing, urban transportation or the fight against pollution of our air and water.  Our federal system must also have the flexibility to recognize the particular position accorded to Quebec since 1867 as the centre of the Frenchspeaking community in Canada. She must have the right and the funds to fulfill government responsibilities which affect the community-such s social security, education, town planning and community development.  By accepting this particular situation, Canadians elsewhere can seek federal action in these fields without creating misunderstanding, frustration and intolerable strains to our Confederation.  II A NEW INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY  Canadians are face to face with decisions which will determine our economic future.  We have gained our present prosperity largely by becoming an industrialized state. The condition for keeping our prosperity is accelerated economic growth and the rapid modernization and development of our industrial structure.  Canadians realize increasingly that these vital  goals cannot be achieved without effective economic planning, without vas ~y~ ex an e s en-t b'  and ec~itio"T~ resources and-wl- Hotli ut t t e powr to mad. ce Icey economic decisions for ourselves.  Economic Independence for Canada  New Democrats have become convinced that recovering economic independence is a crucial step in Securing our future prosperity. This is not a matter nationalism nor does it hinge merely on the foreign or domestic ownership of our industry and commerce. It does mean that Canadians must be free to plan and create the kind of economy that is suited to our needs.  A New Democratic government will seek economic independence for Canada by:  Increasing the democratic control of our economic activity by increased, government participation in appropriate phases o€ our industrial and commercial-life and by replacing the Economic Council by' a properly designed economic and social planning organization, involving federal and provincial governments.  Establishing a Canadian Capital, Resources Fund- (CCRF) controlled by the government, mobilizing Canadian capital for development and research and keeping Canadian savings at home. In addition to providing a logical place for the investments of corporations and insurance companies, the Fund would attract some of the savings now going to private pension plans, by selling group and individual annuities.  The capital resources of the Fund would be used for investments necessary to the overall development of our economy.  Part of the Fund would be used in universities and corporations and in financing and developing those innovations which will allow our industry to specialize and compete in world markets.  Science and Technology  Further advances in the Canadian economy and in the quality of life of our people depend on the progress of science and technology. Yet, partly as a consequence of our branch-plant economy and partly because of the indifference of our own Canadian government and industry, our investment in research and development has been proportionately smaller than that of any other advanced industrial state.  In addition to providing high quality scientific education, we must provide centres where graduates can use their knowledge and training and which can be the focal points of new sciencebased industries which must become the basis of our industrial growth.  An NDP government will establish a Department of Science and Technology with the task of:  to ing atific-technological research centres in co-operation with universities and industry to stimulate developments in fields of social concern or economic importance.  Creating a Canadian Research and Development Corporation to invest in, or develop, promising new inventions and industrial processes. In some cases, new crown corporations will be founded to use the new techniques or to produce and market new products, on the model of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited.  Keeping in touch with research and development in Canada, determining national scientific priorities and encouraging and co-ordinating theoretical and applied research in our universities and research organizations.  Pollution and Conservation  A problem of increasing concern to Canadians and of vital importance to future generations is the frightening rate at which our air, water and soil have become polluted. Almost too late, we have realized the extent of the danger to our resources.  Pollution and the conservation of our resources are problems which concern all levels of Canadian government. A federal New Democratic government will:  Work with the provinces to establish pollution  standards and controls. giving urgent priority to existing areas of se ous industrial pollution.  Make research into pollution and its consequences a high priority in its expanded scientific research program.  Undertake a complete inventory of our water resources and make plans for future diversions to supply areas of water deficiency within Canada.  Refrain from any policy of water export until Canada's own long-term needs and resources have been balanced.  III PROVIDING SERVICES FOR A MODERN COMMUNITY  In a complex industrial society, people must turn to government to provide them with a broad range of community services and to guarantee that the necessities of life like food and shelter will be available at prices we can afford.  Entangled in their conservatism, Canadian governments have been slow to assume these responsibilities and faltering in carrying them out. A New Democratic government will take office with a long agenda of community needs to fulfill.  In Canada's federal system, most of the services which affect the quality of our daily lives are the direct responsibility of provincial governments.  There are, however, many fields in which the central government must give leadership. It is an obligation which arises from its duty to provide all Canadians with a fair share of opportunity and social justice wherever they may live in our country.  One of the first jobs of an NDP government in Ottawa will be to tackle Canada's housing crisis. When a quarter of our people live in sub-standard housing and when young families cannot find a decent place to live, it is a national disgrace that housing construction should actually have slowed down.  For twenty years, the shelter needs of low-income families and the aged have been almost totally neglected by all levels of government, while the only serious federal housing program was largely devoted to serving the needs of those with upper and middle-level incomes.  To New Democrats, housing is a basic social service, not a matter to be left to the vagaries of the market. Its financing is an urgent priority, not an easy source of revenue or a fiscal tap to be turned off and on at government's whim.  An NDP government will create a federal Department of Housing and Urban Development. Working closely with the provinces, it would:  Provide generous financial assistance to meet the housing crisis-100% of the cost of land assembly and servicing, 100% of the cost of public housing and 75% of the cost of rent subsidies.  Bring down the cost of mortgage money by setting a subsidized ceiling for co-operative housing, homes for low-income families and for the rehabilitation of present housing.  Support the principle of integrated community development so that transportation, schools, recreation and shopping facilities are developed together with new and renewed housing.  Encourage the development of New Towns in areas of urban congestion.  A Program For Consumers  Canadians expect their government to protect them in their role as consumers, having learned from experience that the market does not automatically serve their needs and wants. Extravagant advertising, promotional and packaging expenditures add to living costs without creating product improvement or consumer enlightenment.  New Democrats will establish a government department exclusively concerned with working for the consumer. It will:  Test consumer products and publicize the results.  Enforce honest labeling and packaging regulations.  Create a Prices Review Board to investigate unjustified price increases and publicize its findings.  Consumers have already banded together to help themselves in organizations such as Cooperatives, Credit Unions and Caisses Populaires. A New Democratic government would help these movements by allowing incorporation of federal cooperatives and of a Central Credit Society with access to the Bank of Canada.  The Parliamentary Committee on Consumer Credit showed the need for low-cost credit for low-income families. In addition to meeting that need, an NDP government will:  Require full disclosure of the cost of credit.  Enforce reasonable interest ceilings on consumer loans.  Protect consumers from unethical and unconscionable sales practices.  There is a special need to protect the public in the field of drugs. An NDP government will license drug manufacturers, and, if necessary, produce drugs under public auspices. It would encourage the sale of drugs under their generic names and provide more means to test drugs before they reach the market.  The Work Force  Working Canadians today are, on the average, younger, better educated and more highly skilled than ever in our history. They are demanding a new place in society, not merely with security and a fair share of the wealth they have created, but also with the right to negotiate concerning the decisions which affect their lives.  Trade unions have played an important role in working towards economic and social equity but their activities are increasingly being brought within the orbit of the law. Progress of labour-management relations during the last half century gave promise of greater harmony in the world of work.  Instead, Canadian labour relations have returned to a past age, with compulsory arbitration, the abuse of the injunction process and the jailing of trade unionists. Fundamental civil rights have been set aside.  A New Democratic government will introduce a new era in labour-management relations, with legislation to:  Develop new safeguards for the right of employees to organize and bargain collectively, extending these rights to groups now legally excluded from them. Ex parte injunctions have no place in industrial relations: they must be ended.  Establish that technological changes and dislocations during the life of a collective agreement would, as the Freedman Report urged, be as open to the full processes of bargaining as the original contract.  Improve the machinery for settling disputes and encourage more voluntary procedures between employers and unions.  A New Democratic government will take definite steps to protect workers from the adverse effects of technological change, through implementation of the Freedman Report recommendations and other measures. Full-scale planning of our manpower needs and resources, plus expanded placement, training and relocation facilities and much more generous scales of allowance are needed if we are to achieve full employment and economic growth.  Sharing Affluence  There are still many whom our society has failed to serve. Hundreds of thousands of Canadians suffer the effects of unemployment or underemployment. Millions of Canadians are ill-housed or pay too much for their shelter. The needs of working women (particularly working mothers) are still largely ignored.  To New Democrats, correcting these failures is one of the highest priorities facing Canadians. The huge resources of Canada make it possible for us to eliminate poverty and to provide the range of community services which are necessities in a complex, urbanized society.  Social Priorities  One of the priorities in the face of poverty is the provision of an income `floor' below which no Canadian should be allowed to fall. A New Democratic government will ensure a Guaranteed Annual Income (GAI) for every Canadian. This income, when combined with a broad program of social services, would be set sufficiently high to ensure a standard of living compatible with health and self-respect.  The guaranteed income would not replace other existing social insurance schemes but New Democrats believe that it would provide the only way of ending poverty and of wiping out assistance programs based on needs or means tests. The level of guaranteed income would be subject to regular review, not only to preserve its purchasing power but to keep it in line with improvements in our standard of living.  In addition to the guaranteed annual income, a New Democratic government is committed to:  Medicare-fully comprehensive health care including dentists, drugs and appliances, supplemented by a program of cash sickness benefits to maintain the income of wage and salary earners and the self-employed.  Immediate reduction of the age of entitlement for the old age pension to 65 and an increase of the benefit to $125 a month without a means or income test, with future benefits tied to the cost of living.  Canada's Native Peoples  After more than a century, Canadians are coming to understand their responsibility for the position of the Indian and Eskimo. It is a history of paternalism, exploitation and cruel indifference.  Canada's native people must have the right to make their own decisions. They must have the dominant role in controlling the economic development of their communities and they must have the resources to make it a success.  Education  Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility; but there are areas where a strong federal initiative is possible which, always respecting the particular position of Quebec, may be welcomed by the provinces. Many provinces will need federal assistance to achieve the NDP goal of free higher education for all who can qualify academically. or it.  Broadcasting  A New Democratic government is committed to increasing the financial support of the CBC to make it less dependent on commercial advertising, to make possible long-range development planning and to expand encouragement and development of Canadian talent. The encouragement to Canadian cultural self-expression and the development of a Canadian identity provided by our centennial year, must be sustained as a responsibility of all levels of government in Canada.  Women and the Family  Our society has been conservative and unimaginative in adjusting to the modern position of Canadian women. Whether they are working in their homes or in the economy, women are suffering from needless and unfair disadvantages.  It will be the business of a New Democratic government to remove them.  Whether they work inside or outside the home, mothers need the assistance of child care centres. They also need special back-to-work training and vocational guidance when their children have grown up, if they wish to enter or re-enter the labour market.  Mothers who are making a fulltime job of caring for their children deserve credit through the taxation system as a partial offset for the salaries they are foregoing.  Women in employment have a right to equal pay with men doing equal work-and equal opportunities for promotion.  IV AGRICULTURE  In few areas of the Canadian economy has the technological revolution been moving faster than in agriculture. Yet farmers have not profited from increased productivity. Their share of the food consumer's dollar fell from 56c in 1949 to 41c fifteen years later.  People  We must assure adequate incomes to people who work the land. The establishment of guaranteed prices for specific products will ensure adequate returns to our farm families.  To administer such a pricing system, federal marketing machinery must be established. Provincial or regional producer-controlled marketing boards must be keyed to this system in order to market agricultural products anywhere in Canada or in the available export markets.  Income assistance should include programs of aid to the farm family to increase productivity, as well as retaining programs for those wishing to leave farming to seek other vocations. The transition of those who choose to leave their farms must be assisted by meting transportation and retraining costs and by providing living allowances during the period of readjustment.  Further, general productivity and incomes will be increased by encouraging individual units to form groups which could benefit jointly from cooperative management of machinery, land and capital programs.  Export  Canada should be prepared to sell agricultural products to any country and must make long-term credits available for this purpose, where necessary. Well-financed research and support programs must ensure that these products maintain their comparative advantage on world markets, while bringing adequate returns to the producers.  Land Resources  Land resources must be used carefully and conserved against future needs. Hence, new land areas should only be opened up as the need for more production becomes evident.  Where possible, the use of productive soil by industry and urban development near large centres of population should be avoided. Tax policies must encourage the use of such land for farming and discourage speculation for real estate purposes.  Fiscal policy should encourage the establishment of viable farm units and discourage corporate and hobby farming. Emphasis will be placed on family or co-operatively owned farm units, with special consideration to young farmers seeking to establish themselves.  V AN INDEPENDENT AND POSITIVE ROLE IN THE WORLD  New Democrats believe that Canada is ready to play an independent and positive role in the world. On a planet threatened by nuclear destruction and already afflicted by widespread starvation, Canadians are involved in humanity's peril.  Speaking and acting for ourselves is not abandonment of traditional friends and allies. Canadians are becoming aware that we can serve our common cause better by speaking out than by standing silent while folly and wickedness are committed in our name.  Canada has an enormous stake in helping to build a world community responsive to the rule of law. To back that stake, we need a new set of priorities and a new style in the conduct of our international affairs.  We have no alternative to the United Nations.  We must back it in every possible way, by channeling our external aid through its agencies, by providing it with the services of our armed forces and by assuming a greater share of its financial burden.  In spite of disappointments, we must support the U.N. peacekeeping role while insisting in future that social and economic changes must be promoted in concert with any police duty.  The time is overdue to dismantle the series of military alliances which were our foreign policy twenty years ago. In the mortal struggle for peace, we must:  Work for a world disarmament treaty and oppose use or testing of nuclear weapons.  Seek to replace NATO and the Warsaw Pact by a European security system, with Great Power guarantees, until such time as a strengthened United Nations can provide security.  Withdraw from our obsolete NORAD agreement while co-operating in the detection of any invasion of North American sir space.  In a world of nuclear weapons, no conflict can be tolerated and no threat to peace ignored. For its own sake and the world's, Canada must use all the influence it possesses to end wars before they begin. That is why Canada, in spite of rebuffs, must work to return China to the world community through diplomatic recognition and through support of her membership in the United Nations.  The war in Vietnam must be stopped. It is a threat of fearful dimension to world peace. It has also become a war of limitless and pointless barbarity. Canada must use every influence at her command, public and private, to end the conflict. When fighting has stopped, Canada must help to rebuild both parts of this tortured land.  In Vietnam and elsewhere, the real enemy of world peace is not conspiracy but human misery. This is the enemy which Canadian resources must fight. New Democrats believe that Canada, to play its part in this crucial struggle, should be spending at least 2% of its national wealth production each year in external aid. Canada's food contribution to a hungry world must be generous.  VI TAXATION  The report of the Carter Royal Commission on Taxation is a stinging indictment of half a century of Liberal and Conservative tax policy. It concludes that the present Canadian tax system is not fair, is not based on ability to pay, bears too heavily on the low and middle income groups and has restricted our economic growth.  In proposing reform, the Commission accepted that taxation must be used to redistribute income, that it must bear fairly on all families and individuals and that, in consequence, the progressive personal income tax, imposed on a broad base and including capital gains as a form of income, was the most just form of taxation.  It is no wonder that New Democrats have welcomed the Carter report and its main recommendations. They are an endorsement of positions which the New Democratic Party has sustained for many years. In particular, we welcome proposals which will make our tax system more fair, which will encourage economic growth and Canadian ownership and which will end unjustified tax concessions to mining, oil and gas companies and to banks, insurance and mortgage companies.  A New Democratic government can be relied upon to begin work immediately to put into effect the principles and major recommendations of the Carter Commission.  A NEw KIND OF GOVERNMENT  What kind of government do Canadians want? New Democrats think that they want a government which is as confident about Canada as they are-and just as determined that long-standing national problems are going to be solved.  They want a government ready to serve the needs of a modern industrial economy, with policies to cope with our housing crisis, the rising cost of living and the unfairness of our taxation system.  They are looking for a government that knows its own mind, with a little flair and a lot of determination to get things done. Canadians are ready to back that kind of government in renewing Confederation, regaining control of our own economy and giving Canada her own positive voice in the world.  That's why Canadians are looking to New Democrats to establish the first truly progressive government in our history. We don't make light of the problems and we don't promise never to make mistakes. But we do challenge Canadians to join in building a society as free and generous as the land in which we live.