Section 1a.  2. To unite all men and women of good will who are unswervingly loyal to Her Majesty the Queen, who realise the immense political, financial, commercial end cultural advantages which accrue to New Zealand from close association with the other nations of the British Commonwealth, and who desire to promote the political and economic unity of the Commonwealth.  3. To maintain an efficient system of national defence.  4. To formulate and carry out policies designed to benefit the community as a whole, irrespective of sectional interests, particularly to bring about co-operation between country and city interests, and between employers and employees.  5. To encourage the growth of private enterprise and healthy competition.  6. To encourage the development of individual effort and initiative to take such steps as will grant the greatest possible measure of personal freedom and to foster the growth of goodwill between all sections of the community.  7. To encourage wherever possible, for our mutual interest and safety, close contacts with Australia and other portions of our Commonwealth.  8. To arouse and maintain interest in political matters, to advocate the policy of the Party, and to oppose subversive and other doctrine which are contrary to the principles and policy of the Party.  9. To pursue a policy of progressive social and humanitarian legislation.  10. To encourage and assist the candidature for Parliament of able, honourable and loyal supporters of the Party.  11. To carry out educational and organising work in furtherance of the foregoing aims and objects.  12. To keep in touch with and, as may be deemed practicable, to co-operate with other organisations which have similar aims.  AIMS & PRINCIPLES. Section 1b.  Since it was founded nearly 25 years ago the National Party has been the main bulwark in New Zealand against State Socialism and Communism.  Throughout its existence the Party has affirmed that human progress and happiness - spiritual, moral end economic - can best be attained when the individual has the greatest freedom to exercise initiative and self-reliance and enterprise, free from the restrictions and State dictatorship of Socialist Government.  The National Party has therefore common bonds with all who cherish personal freedom. with all who believe that New Zealanders are individualists who can develop a vigorous nation if given encouragement and opportunity.  The Party has always striven for the people as a whole and not for sectional interests. It seeks to create a nation in which business is founded on private ownership end management with reasonable competition and fair rewards. in which equality of opportunity is universal. in watch there is justice for all and special privilege for none. It holds that a property-owning democracy is the best basis for the model welfare society.  Above all, the Party's supporters are unswervingly loyal to Queen and country. they strive for a united and strong British Commonwealth. they wholeheartedly support the United Nations and believe in maintaining adequate and efficient defence forces to help defend, if need be, the way of life we cherish.  The Party's basic outlook is essentially humanitarian and its term of office from 1949 to 1957 was marked by progressive legislation, buoyant economic conditions, good opportunities for the younger generation, full employment for all and security with generous care for the infirm and aged and others in need.  The policy of the Party for the future ensures that the next National Government will again give honest and progressive Government for the benefit of all New Zealanders.  DIFFERENCES - TWO PARTIES. Section 1c.  National observes a high standard of political ethics, says social benefits should not be traded for votes, and considers carefully the interests of the taxpayer.  National encourages personal initiative and increased production by lower tax rates, and gains a greater volume of revenue from the increased national income.  National believes in financing a proportion of capital development from loans at reasonable interest rates so that each generation pays its share of developing the country.  National believes that the community makes the greatest progress when unhindered by all sorts of interference from the State.  National believes that society, through the State, must provide a minimum income floor below which no man can fall.  Labour.  Labour tends to promise anything that might secure votes regardless of the cost to the taxpayer.  Labour discourages individual initiative by heavy taxes, and is more concerned with "redistributing" the national income than increasing ' it.  Labour increases the tax burden by financing too much capital development out of taxation.  Labour's Socialist philosophy is to restrict and control, and it believes that the Government has superior wisdom in all matters.  Labour, as part of the Socialist doctrine, believes there should also be a. ceiling above which no man can rise, hence its strangulation of enterprise by taxes which deny industry funds for expansion.  National believes that all men are born equal, but that those with special talents should be encouraged to use them for the betterment of their fellows, and that there must be ever-widening opportunities for young people.  National believes that the man who has the talent to organise production and create employment should be encouraged.  National believes that the community does best when all sections are working harmoniously together, and that employee and employer are partners in production.  National endeavours to send to Parliament men who make up a balanced team with an even grading between experience, occupations and academic attainment.  National believes in the competitive free enterprise system, and points to its record down the centuries as the source of much of man's progress.  National believes there should be more business in government and less government in business.  National believes that competitive enterprise produces the best goods and services at the keenest prices and in greatest variety.  National's philosophy encourages the desire to venture and progress.  National believes it is the work of Government to lay down the broad rules of community behaviour, but that people should be free to express their talents and use their substance in the way that gives them the greatest creature satisfaction.  National believes that no pressure group, however, powerful or however essential, should be allowed to defy the law under any circumstances.  National believes that in sport, in the services, in all forms of attainment and in life generally New Zealanders are individualists.  Labour believes that all men are born equal and should, as far as possible, be kept equal.  Labour is inclined to regard the successful enterpriser as the enemy of the wage earner.  Labour fosters and encourages sectional or class antipathy by regarding the relations of employed and employing as a ceaseless struggle between "workers" and "capitalists".  Labour believes that the royal road to Parliament is through the comparatively narrow field of industrial politics and Labour Party organising.  Labour believes in an ever-increasing measure of State capitalism.  Labour believes that there should be more and more government in business, and that all should share the proceeds, which to date have invariably been losses.  Labour's belief that competition must be restricted breeds monopolies and the necessity for price control, and rewards inefficiency.  Labour's applied Socialism breeds dependence on others, encourages uniformity, discounts brilliance and leads to mediocrity.  Labour believes that all must fit within a pattern closely set by the Government, even to the point of decreeing the size, shape, colour and class of goods brought from overseas.  Labour vacillates and through lack firmness in the administration of industrial laws encourages and prolongs disputes and stoppages.  Labour believes that New Zealanders should conform to the Government-set pattern.  National believes that in maintaining the Welfare State heed must also be taken of the welfare of the State in the economic and social senses.  National aims to put new zeal in New Zealand, believing that a young country must be free and encouraged to achieve its destiny.  Labour is inclined to put political expediency first, as for example in its campaign of promises in 1957.  Labour believes in a policy of "safety first" and encourages a "let the Government do it" attitude.  TAXATION AND FINANCE. Section 2a.  Note. The last National Government reduced the rates of taxation in 7 of the 8 years it was in office.  BASIC POLICY.  1. A NATIONAL GOVERNMENT WILL.  (a) Continue its policy of reducing the rates of taxation as an incentive to an expanding economy which in turn brings opportunity for further reductions.  (b) Restore justice and stability to the taxation system.  (c) Deal urgently with the anomalies and injustices in taxation created by the Labour Government. And.  (d) Institute a thorough inquiry into the whole taxation system and administration with the objective of simplifying it.  2. GUIDING PRINCIPLES WILL BE.  (a) To restore incentives for our people to work more and earn more.  (b) To increase production.  (c) To expand industries and services.  (d) To provide more jobs for a rapidly expanding population.  (e) To restore incentive for saving to provide adequate finance for capital development.  (f) To hold the cost of living as stable as possible.  (g) To hold the cost of production.  (h) To ensure maximum possible stability in the value of money.  PRINCIPAL POINTS (Full details on sheet 2B).  (a) Rates of personal and indirect taxation will be progressively reduced, given normal conditions. death duties will be reduced. gift duties and stamp duties will be revised. excess retention tax will be removed except for proprietary companies.  15. To stimulate a widespread shareholding in industry, we will encourage companies to reduce the nominal value of shares to, say, 5/- or 10/-, so that workers in industry may share in the development and prosperity of industrial enterprise.  16. Steps will be taken, in consultation with the United Kingdom and Australia, to introduce decimal coinage into New Zealand as recommended last year by the widely representative Decimal Coinage Committee appointed by the National Government in 1957.  Section 3A  MONETARY AND ECONOMIC POLICY.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party believes the overall management of monetary and economic policy along sound and progressive lines is one of the most important responsibilities of Government.  2. To this end, a National Government will promote legislation and policies with the objective of ensuring that the creation and issue of money is kept in balanced relationship with the production of goods and services so that the greatest degree of economic stability can be maintained and the values of all earnings, savings and other income safeguarded.  3. A National Government will set up a monetary and economic commission outside the civil service to meet regularly and advise the Government on matters of major economic significance, to report on the degree of stability achieved and to recommend such measures consistent with economic growth as will promote and maintain maximum stability in the internal price level.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 3B).  (a) The Commission's functions will include advice to the Government on problems affecting internal price stability, on finance for economic expansion with full employment and higher living standards, on steps to ensure an adequate supply of money and on reforms desirable to the monetary system.  (b) The Commission (which is to have its own Secretariat, to hear representations from the public and to have authority to publish reports) will be responsible for preparing an annual long-term economic budget with an indication of the long-term measures necessary to ensure the best development of the country's resources.  Section 3B.  FULL DETAILS.  4. The functions of the Monetary and Economic Commission will also include advice to the Government on.  (a) the main economic and financial problems which affect costs and internal price stability.  (b) the provision of finance for expanding primary and manufacturing industries and services and ensuring full employment with higher living standards.  (c) steps necessary to ensure that an adequate, but not excessive, supply of money is in circulation. And.  (d) any reforms in the monetary system it considers desirable from time to time.  5. The Commission will also be responsible for preparing annually a long-term economic budget to provide a basic appreciation of the direction of the country's economy and some indication to Government and business of the long term measures which should be taken to ensure the best development of the country's resources.  6. Adequate opportunity will be given the public, both individually and through organisations, to make representations to the Commission, which will have authority to publish its reports and recommendations.  7. The Commission will have its own Secretariat.  Section 4A.  OVERSEAS TRADE.  BASIC POLICY.  1. A National Government will create a Ministry of Overseas Trade to pursue a vigorous policy of developing New Zealand's trade with other countries.  2. Allied to this there will be a fully representative export-import Advisory Council,  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 4B)  (a) The new Ministry will make a new drive to increase the volume and range of exports and will direct the activities of New Zealand Trade Commissioners.  (b) It will assist private exporters and marketing agencies to promote exports.  (c) The export-import Advisory Council will meet regularly to examine national export opportunities and problems.  (d) There will be an exports insurance scheme arranged through existing Insurance Companies to cover exporters' risks in new markets.  Section 4B.  FULL DETAILS.  3. The objective of the new Ministry will be to introduce a new drive to increase the volume of our exports and to extend their range.  4. The Ministry of Overseas Trade will be responsible for assisting private exporters and marketing agencies to promote and expand the export of primary products and manufactured goods.  5. The Export-Import Advisory Council will comprise representatives of principal exporters, manufacturers and importing interests and will meet regularly to examine national export opportunities and problems and, where appropriate, to recommend Government action if this would assist private enterprise to sell more exports.  6. The Ministry of Overseas Trade will be responsible for directing the activities of N.Z. Trade Commissioners and for all Government overseas publicity and exhibitions and trade fairs designed to increase New Zealand's exports.  7. An exports insurance scheme operated through existing insurance companies will be sponsored to cover risks associated with business in new markets.  8. Guiding principles will be.  (a) To foster multi-lateral trading to give widest opportunities for N.Z. to sell to best advantage.  (b) Vigorously to assist private enterprise where Government action is desirable and to open new Trade Commissioner posts where this may help.  (c) To promote maximum trade with Commonwealth countries.  Section 5A.  FARMING.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party re-affirms that the farming industry is the foundation of New Zealand's economy end that the aim of agricultural policy must therefore be to encourage increased farm production.  (a) To ensure higher standards of living for the increasing population.  (b) To ensure more overseas funds so that the manufacturing industries can be adequately serviced with raw materials. And.  (c) To ensure adequate supplies of goods not made in New Zealand.  For these reasons a National Government would give new incentives to farmers and those processing and marketing farm products.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 5B).  (a) New techniques and farming methods will be encouraged and close co-operation maintained between the Department of Agriculture and Farm Improvement Clubs.  (b) Marketing arrangements established by the previous National Government will be continued.  (c) Rehabilitation of eligible returned servicemen will be completed and a new and vigorous civilian land settlement policy will be introduced.  (d) A Veterinary College will be established.  (e) The compulsory residential clause in the Land Settlement Promotion Act will be repealed.  (f ) A 20% initial depreciation allowance will be provided for erection of farm workers' dwellings.  (g) Assisted immigration of skilled workers for forms will be stepped up.  (h) Afforestation on lands unsuitable for farming will be stimulated by loans or tax concessions.  Section 5B.  FULL DETAILS.  2. Farmers through their leaders, will be consulted about renewed efforts to find more markets for our exports. A National Government will create a Ministry of Overseas Trade and a representative Export-Import Advisory Council to pursue a vigorous policy of developing N.Z.'s trade with other countries.  3. The adoption of new and better techniques and farming methods resulting from research will be encouraged and close co-operation between the Department of Agriculture and Farm improvement clubs will be maintained. Every opportunity will be taken to develop extension work in agriculture. Top quality produce and thoroughly efficient marketing will be a constant aim.  4. Under the previous National Government floor prices were introduced for wool, support prices were established for meat, guaranteed prices were introduced for potatoes and comprehensive amendments made to dairy price produce. The same kind of policy will be resumed.  5. Existing marketing arrangements will be continued for town milk, apples and pears, citrus fruits, eggs, honey, tobacco, hops, etc. There will be constant reviews to ensure equity between producers, consumers and other interests.  6. We will continue to encourage the maximum production of wheat by giving appropriate incentives.  7. The National Party has always recognised that a vigorous policy of land development is the first essential to maintaining and improving the nation's standard of living. A National Government will complete the rehabilitation of eligible returned servicemen and will take immediate steps to put into operation the following land settlement policy for civilians.  (a) Optional freehold or leasehold tenure.  (b) Up to 90% finance for suitably qualified men taking up land provided from development schemes.  (c) Finance will also be made available to suitable applicants on other approved properties.  (d) Intensified development of unoccupied Crown and Maori lands.  (e) Extension of purchase by private treaty of areas suitable for subdivision.  (f ) Crown leases or licenses of areas, particularly in the South Island, which are suitable for more intensive settlement under modern methods will be reviewed as they fall due or as satisfactory terms can be negotiated with license holders.  (g) Release, wherever possible, of partially improved sections and blocks of virgin land to speed up settlement.  (h) Step up the work of Marginal Lands Board and Committees - young men with suitable experience will be assisted through Marginal Lands prevision to take up reverted properties.  (i) A National Government will actively pursue the extension of irrigation schemes in suitable areas.  7. It is the view of the National Party that the compulsory residential clause in the Land Settlement Promotion Amendment Act 1959 restricts the opportunity for prospective farmers, share farmers and farm workers in land settlement, therefore a National Government will repeal this provision.  8. A Veterinary College will be established.  9. A National Government will co-operate with the Veterinary Services Council and farmer organisations toward the establishment of further diagnostic stations where found necessary and will intensify the efforts of its previous administration to eradicate T.B. from all the dairy herds in the Dominion. Every effort will be made to ensure the success of the campaign for the eradication of hydatids.  10. A National Government will provide a 20% initial depreciation allowance on the erection of form workers' dwellings.  11. The National Party believes that the continued rapid development of New Zealand demands a much greater growth of population than the natural increase and that the Labour Government has been lacking in vision in cutting back the level of assisted immigration. Accordingly a National Government would step-up the policy of assisted immigration particularly of skilled workers or industries and farm workers.  12. A National Government will give all possible encouragement to the development of industries based on our forests and wild, in addition to the stepping up of the afforestation programme of the Forestry Department, consider ways and means of stimulating by way of loans or tax concessions, the planting of trees by private owners of land which is unsuitable for farming but lends itself to afforestation.  Section 6A.  INDUSTRY.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party believes that steady expansion of industry is essential to the maintenance of full employment for the increasing population and will provide the necessary incentives and security for industrialists to plan long-term development.  2. A basic principle is that the most effective industrial development can best be achieved by private competitive enterprise with a minimum of regulation or control by the State.  3. A Tariff and Development Board will be established. It will include men of wide business experience and will replace the present Board of Trade.  4 Import licensing protection of industries will be removed only when recommended by the Tariff and Development Board after hearing representations from all interested parties and only after adequate customs duties are in force.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 6B).  (a) Everything possible will be done to hold the cost structure to ensure that exporters remain competitive in world markets and that manufacturers can keep their prices in line with competing imports paying reasonable protective duties.  (b) The new Tariff and Development Board will immediately review the Customs Tariff and recommend necessary changes and will be primarily responsible for recommending protection to industry against unfair competition from imports.  (c) Import control will be continued where necessary to ensure that efficient industries become thoroughly established but will be removed from manufacturers' raw materials and equipment of a class not made in New Zealand.  (d) Depreciation allowances will be reviewed and an initial depreciation allowance of 20% introduced for workers houses built by employers in built-up areas.  (e) More adequate margins of pay for skilled work will be encouraged.  (f) Technical education will be boosted.  (g) Assisted immigration of skilled workers will be stepped up.  (h) There will be an Advisory Council on Industry & Industrial Development.  Section 6B.  FULL DETAILS.  5. A National Government would regard it as a prime objective to take all reasonable steps to restrain the cost structure of the country so that.  (a) exporters will be competitive in world markets and thus ensure earnings of adequate oversees funds to finance the necessary raw material requirements for industry. And.  (b) manufacturers will be enabled to keep their prices more in line with overseas costs.  6. The Tariff and Development Board will be required to immediately review the Customs Tariff and recommend necessary changes.  Note. The Board of Trade completed the General Tariff Review in 1957, but very few of its recommendations have been implemented by the Labour Government.  7. Protection of industry against unfair competition from imports will be the prime function of the Tariff and Development Board. While the objective will be to use adequate Customs Duties as the basic form of protection, import control will continue where necessary to ensure that efficient industries can become thoroughly established and can have the opportunity to secure a major portion of the total market.  8. The Tariff and Development Board will be required to meet the official representatives of leading industrial groups at least quarterly and report to the Government promptly on industrial problems and suggested proposals for dealing with them.  9. Import Control.  (a) Manufacturers' raw materials and equipment. Import will be removed.  (i) from manufacturers' raw materials and equipment of a class not made in New Zealand. And.  (ii) from remaining raw materials and equipment when recommended by the Tariff and Development Board after hearing representations from affected parties but only after adequate protective Customs Duties are in force.  (b) Finished goods.  (i) Import control will be removed from books.  (ii) Provided the overseas funds position is satisfactory, import control will be removed.  (A) from finished goods not made in New Zealand. And.  (B) from other finished goods after inquiries and recommendations by the Tariff and Development Board. but only after adequate protective duties are in force and with the important condition concerning continued import control referred to in paragraph 7 above.  (c) Appeals. There will be a right of appeal direct to the 'Tariff and Development Board on all import licensing decisions.  (d) A National Government will not use blanket import control. If the overseas funds position deteriorated seriously at any time, import licensing would be extended only in respect of selected classes of goods.  10. An urgent review will be made of depreciation allowances for industry. A 20%o initial depreciation allowance will be introduced in respect of all houses built by employer of labour in city or built-up areas for their workers.  11. The needs of expending industrial development require an increasing number of skilled men who will accept responsibility. Current margins for skill will be examined with a view to ensuring adequate rewards for those prepared to equip themselves for skilled work.  12 Educational facilities will be extended and encouragement given to young people to equip themselves for technical progress in industry. The last National Government gave technical education its most significant development since the advent of technical high schools at the beginning of the century. A new National Government would give special attention to the staffing and equipment of this important branch of education so that there will be an adequate number of technically qualified young, people for the country's developing manufacturing and servicing industries. We will try and encourage more of the country's best youth and brains to attend technical classes. Overseas bursaries will be provided for advanced training for specially qualified technicians.  13. A National Government will appoint a broadly based Advisory Council on Industry and Industrial development of persons of high ability charged with advising the Government on long term industrial development.  14. The National Party believes that the continued rapid development of New Zealand demands a much greater growth of population than the natural increase and that the Labour Government has been lacking in vision in cutting back the level of assisted immigration. Accordingly a. National Government would step-up assisted immigration particularly of skilled workers for industries and farm workers.  15. A National Government will give all possible encouragement to the development of industries based on our forests and will, in addition to stepping up the afforestation programme of the Forestry Department, consider trays and means of stimulating by way of loans or tax concessions, the planting of trees by private owners of land which -is unsuitable for farming but lends itself to afforestation.  Section 7A.  COMMERCE.  BASIC POLICY.  1. With a view to granting the greatest possible freedom to business, a National Government will remove or relax all controls over trading which cannot be justified within a policy of promoting private competitive enterprise as the best means of achieving the country's economic welfare.  2. A Tariff and Development Board will be established. It will include men of wide business experience and will replace the present Board of Trade.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 7B)  (a) Capital issues control will be abolished. overseas capital will be attracted to New Zealand wherever possible for investment in conjunction with. local shareholding. Government owned shares in trading corporations will be offered to the public as opportunity offers in shares of small amounts.  (b) A system of forward exchange notification will be introduced to enable the Government to assess more accurately overseas funds prospects.  (c) An exports insurance scheme operated through existing insurance companies will be sponsored.  (d) The Customs Tariff will be immediately revised.  (e) The Trade Practices Act will be repealed and replaced by more suitable legislation to investigate undesirable trade practices.  Section 7B.  FULL DETAILS.  3. Capital issues control will be abolished.  4. Steps will be taken to attract overseas capital for investment in industry wherever possible in conjunction with N.Z. shareholding.  5. Government owned shares in trading corporations will be offered to the public as opportunity offers upon suitable terms an to encourage wide-spread investment the shares will be in small amounts of, say, 5/-.  6. To enable the Government to assess more accurately likely fluctuations in the level of overseas funds, a system of forward exchange notification will be introduced whereby importers at the time of placing orders for overseas goods will be required to lodge with their bankers an estimate of overseas funds likely to be required.  7. A Ministry of Overseas Trade will be established to pursue a vigorous policy of developing N.Z.'s Trade with other countries. Allied to this, there will be a fully representative Export-Import Advisory Council comprising representatives of principal exporters, manufacturers and importing interests.  8. An exports insurance scheme operated through existing insurance Companies will be sponsored to cover risks associated with business in new markets.  9. The Tariff and Development Board will be required to immediately review the Customs Tariff and recommend necessary changes. The Board of Trade completed the General Tariff Review in 1957, but very few of its recommendations have been implemented by the Labour Government.  10. Import Control.  (a) Manufacturers' raw materials and equipment. Import control will be removed.  (i) from manufacturers' raw materials and equipment of a class not made in N.Z., and.  (ii) from remaining raw materials and equipment when recommended by the Tariff and Development Board after hearing representations from affected parties but only after adequate protective Customs duties are in force.  (b) Finished Goods.  (i) Import control will be removed from books.  (ii) provided the overseas funds position is satisfactory, import control will be removed.  (A) from finished goods not made in N.Z,, and.  (B) from other finished goods after inquiries and recommendations by the Tariff and Development Board. but only after adequate protective duties are in force end with the important condition that import control will continue where necessary to ensure that efficient industries can become thoroughly established and can have the opportunity to secure a. major portion of the market.  (c) Appeals.  There will be a right of appeal direct to the Tariff and Development Board on all import licensing decisions.  (d) A National Government will not use blanket import control.  If the overseas funds position deteriorated seriously at any time, import licensing would be extended only in respect of selected classes of goods.  11. The Trade Practices Act as it now stands will be repealed and replaced by legislation providing for investigation of trade practices contrary to the public interest to ensure that competitive private enterprise is able to operate freely and that monopolies end price rings are scrutinised and if necessary broken up when found contrary to the public interest. Our aim will be to ensure that genuine competition is as effective as possible in providing housewives and other purchasers with the full advantages of up-to-date and efficient production and distribution.  12. Consumer Councils will be encouraged in their work of giving consumers useful factual information about products and prices but will be divorced from Government direction and control.  13. Young men particularly will be given maximum opportunity to start in business and this policy will also apply to those wishing to start genuine businesses partly dependent on import licences.  Section 8.  TRANSPORT.  BASIC POLICY.  1 Having regard to the vital role of transport in New Zealand the National Party aims to create the conditions for economical, efficient and safe transport - both public and private. To this end, a National Government will encourage reasonable competition in the transport industry and prosecute a vigorous drive for road safety.  2. A Ministry of Transport will be created to co-ordinate the administration of all transport.  DETAILS.  3. Whilst recognising that the Railways provide the backbone of our national transport system and must continue to play an essential part in the future, a National Government will introduce greater flexibility between road transport and railways and make every effort to complete the modernisation programme for railway facilities begun in 1950.  4. As a first step in achieving this a National Government will.  (a) Remove restrictions on the cartage of livestock.  (b) Relax the 30-mile restriction on goods to give users a greater right of choice, and eliminate anomalies that exist at the present time.  5. In view of the fact that transport costs are such a vital factor in the life of the community, a National Government will create a. Ministry of Transport and make it responsible for the overall administration of all Government interest in transport. The first task of the new Ministry will be a complete investigation of the transport industry with a view to securing the greatest degree of economy and efficiency in rail, road, sea and air transport.  6. We will continue the principles established by the previous National Government of the Roads Act and the Roads Board, with fair user representation. and we will improve roads and bridges, with particular emphasis on safety construction.  Section 9 CIVIL AVIATION.  EXTERNAL SERVICES.  1. The National Government will pursue a policy of preserving for New Zealand's future the opportunity to engage in the field of international air services by securing valuable reciprocal privileges in exchange for any rights granted to overseas operators. Our objective is an expanded tourist traffic to New Zealand in which New Zealand owned and operated aircraft will play an adequate part.  2. In conjunction with our Australian partners we will protect the position of our own airline TEAL until, in co-operation with our Commonwealth colleagues or otherwise, we are in a position to compete satisfactorily upon the world's air routes or a part of them.  3. We will expedite the construction of Mangere to jet aircraft standard.  INTERNAL SERVICES.  4. A National Government will press on with the development of National Airways Corporation and the provision of adequate airport facilities with the object of providing a. service within the financial means of the average family traveller.  5. As the traffic is able to bear the cost, we will progressively transfer to the user the full cost of providing the ancillary airport and airways facilities.  SUBSIDIARY AIRLINES.  6. A National Government will encourage private enterprise to meet the growing requirement for subsidiary freight and passenger services and charter services for tourist parties.  AIR -WORK SERVICES - TOPDRESSING. CROP SPRAYING, ETC.  7. A National Government will continue the policy followed by the previous National Government under which these services have been able to make a most valuable contribution to our national development.  AERO CLUBS AND GLIDING CLUBS.  8. A National Government will actively assist in preserving these valuable movements helping them progressively to become more competent to function without the need of substantial subsidy.  Section 10.  ELECTRIC POWER.  BASIC POLICY.  1. A National Government will ensure that a plentiful supply of electricity is available for all users.  2. The previous National Government established a committee comprising representatives of the Electricity Department, Ministry of Works and the Electrical Supply Authorities, to plan the necessary generating stations to ensure future supplies. Believing that the enormous undertaking of electric power supply will call for the co-operation of all concerned, the next National Government will again enlist the help of the Electrical Supply Authorities in the huge programme of planning, generating and distributing the necessary supplies of electricity for the people of New Zealand.  (Note. When the National Government assumed the Treasury benches in 1949, the total gerating capacity was 680.000 kilowatts by 1957 this had increased to - 1,196,000 kilowatts and there was under construction a further – 1,276,000 kilowatts and further construction was planned for 550,000 kilowatts.  3. To provide poorer as cheaply as possible, a National Government will develop our hydro-electric power to best advantage by linking the North and South islands together by an underwater power cable.  DETAILS.  4. During the next 20 years between 300 and 400 million pounds will be spent on building power generating stations, transmission lines, substations, etc., and if the Islands are joined physically as they are now financially, a big proportion of that amount will be spent in the South Island. This will give the greatest stimulus for many years to industrial development in the South Island involving the employment immediately and in the future of thousands of extra men.  5. Electric power development policy will be directed towards the attraction of large chemical and metallurgical industries, and appreciating the desirability of encouraging such industries to establish in New Zealand, a National Government will grant special concessions for the supply of electricity or water power rights where.  (a) electricity is a high percentage of the cost of production.  (b) the industry would not otherwise be established in this country.  (c) the industry is located near the source of abundant power making for economy in distribution. And.  (d) the industry would contribute to the earning or saving of overseas funds.  6. Building of Stations will be progressive to ensure that there is always a reserve of power in the South Island.  Note. During the term of the previous National Government a special committee representing the Electricity and Works Departments and the Electrical Supply Authorities, after a. full investigation of New Zealand's power requirements, made recommendations to the Government for development in two stages.  (a) up to and including the year 1965.  (b) from 1965 on.  These proposals were adopted by the National Government and accepted by the industry.  The Gas Industry.  The National Party believes it has a duty to ensure that light, heating and power supplies required by the people are provided and will take all steps to conserve and, where practicable, expand the gas industry. The last National Government declared essential 31 out of 34 gas works. The Gas Council will be continued in operation.  Section 11A  EMPLOYMENT AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The economic policy of a National Government will be aimed at.  (a) Maintaining highest levels of employment .  (b) Promoting maximum production. And.  (c) Ensuring that the real income of wage-earner increases in keeping     with national prosperity and development.  2. A National Government will promote the economic well-being of all sections of the community, believing that highest prosperity can only be achieved, first, if production is as high as possible, and secondly, if all sections receive a just share of the national income.  3. In furtherance of its belief that the trade union movement must be strong and effective in promoting the interests of its members and that compulsory membership of trade unions militates against the wholehearted support of union activities by many workers, and in view of the freedom of association being a basic concept in the charter of the United Nations to which New Zealand subscribes, a National Government will restore voluntary unionism in New Zealand and give all workers the right to choose whether they will belong to a union.  PRINCIPAL POINTS.  (a) A National Government will encourage and support responsible trade unionism and the principles of conciliation and arbitration.  (b) Every endeavour will be made t improve working conditions in industry.  (c) Margins for skill will be examined with a view to adequate rewards for those who equip themselves for skilled work.  (d) With restoration of voluntary unionism the question of levies for political parties will be re-considered.  (e) The former National Government's policy of improving Workers' Compensation Insurance will be resumed.  FULL DETAILS.  3. A National Government will encourage and support responsible trade unionism and give unqualified support to the principles of conciliation and arbitration and after consulting employers and workers will investigate the possibilities of improving the present machinery for conciliation and arbitration.  4. With the restoration of voluntary unionism consideration will be given to the question of levies for political parties. Under voluntary unionism we will amend the Political Disabilities Act to allow contributions to political parties but with provision to allow members to contract out.  5. Every endeavour will be made to improve working conditions in industry including standards of safety and industrial health.  6. The needs of expanding industrial development require an increasing number of skilled men and men who will accept responsibility. Current margins for skill will be examined with a view to ensuring adequate rewards for those equipped for skilled work.  7. A guiding principle throughout will be that the greatest welfare of the community as a whole is best promoted by contented workers, adequately rewarded in relation to their contribution to the wealth of the nation and working wholeheartedly with employers to achieve maximum output at economic costs.  8. Industry will be invited to co-operate with the Government in the selection of immigrants under the State assisted scheme.  9. A National Government will continue its former policy of improving the benefits payable in respect of Workers' Compensation Insurance.  10. The National Party believes that the continued rapid development of New Zealand demands a much greater growth of population than the natural increase and that the Labour Government has been lacking in vision in cutting back the level of assisted immigration. Accordingly a National Government would step-up the policy of assisted immigration particularly of skilled workers for industries and farm workers.  Section 12A.  TOURISM.  BASIC POLICY.  1. Because of its outstanding scenic and sporting attractions, New Zealand possesses a source of great potential wealth from its tourist industry. A National Government will actively encourage the full development of this exchange-earning industry as this would materially benefit the overall economy.  2. A National Government will set a target of an annual income of £10 million in overseas funds from tourists visiting New Zealand.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 12B).  (a) A National Government will concentrate on developing amenities desired by New Zealanders travelling within New Zealand for health, holidays or business.  (b) Licensing laws will be reformed to encourage more attractive accommodation, meal service and entertainment for both New Zealanders and overseas visitors.  (c) A Mortgage Guarantee Scheme will be introduced to encourage private enterprise to provide more accommodation in the lower tariff class in localities approved by the Tourist Hotel Corporations.  (d) The Tourist Hotel Corporation's activities will be progressively widened.  Section 12B.  FULL DETAILS.  3. We can develop world wide friendships through people visiting our country and meeting our people. This will strengthen our international relationships and help with the development of our export markets.  4. As the best foundation on which to build a, lucrative overseas tourist trade is a well balanced domestic system of recreation and holiday facilities, a National Government will concentrate on providing incentives for the development of those amenities desired by our own people travelling within New Zealand for health, holiday or business reasons.  5. A National Government will reform the licensing and allied legislation with a view to creating a favourable climate for the provision and operation of accommodation, meal service, entertainment and other travel facilities to suit both the requirements of our oven people and overseas visitors.  6. The provision of more accommodation is the primary requirement. To encourage private enterprise a National Government will introduce a Mortgage Guarantee Scheme, under which loans will be available in approved cases up to 80% of the valuation, the difference between 66,66% and 80% being guaranteed for payment by the Government. This additional accommodation will be of a standard, and built in localities approved by the Tourist Hotel Corporation. the objective will be to provide adequate accommodation in the lower tariff class.  7. In line with the basic policy of the National Party and in view of the considerable success achieved by the Tourist Hotel Corporation, the scope of the Corporation's activities will be progressively widened.  8. Funds will be made available to the Tourist Hotel Corporation for building hotels at key tourist areas in the event of private enterprise being unable to finance them.  9. Overseas investment in the hotel industry will be encouraged by the introduction of appropriate incentives.  10. We will enlist the aid and co-operation of private enterprise and voluntary travel and tourist associations in furthering the interests of the tourist trade.  Section 13.  NATURE CONSERVATION.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party believes that the natural scenic attractions in New Zealand are a priceless heritage. that they contribute to the well-being and happiness of our people. and that they are a source of greet potential wealth from overseas tourism.  2. A National Government will aim at the maximum conservation of the scenic areas and natural attractions of New Zealand and give full weight to their value when assessing proposals to change scenic areas in the course of economic progress. A widely representative Nature Conservation Council will be appointed to advise the Government on the preservation of scenic areas.  DETAILS.  3. A National Government will initiate a study of long term plans for national projects with a view to determining their possible effect on New Zealand's scenic attractions and the problems connected with their preservation while allowing for the country's natural expansion.  4. Major projects likely to affect scenic attractions will be referred to the Nature Conservation Council which will be asked to report to the Government on the effects of scenery preservation. The Council's reports and recommendations will be published and presented to Parliament.  5. Members of the Council will comprise the nominees of the national bodies principally interested in scenery preservation, who will be in a majority, together with representatives of the Government departments directly concerned.  Section 14A.  MAORI AFFAIRS.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party will uphold the principle of equality between Maori and European in accordance with the spirit and letter of the Treaty of Waitangi. The National Party reaffirms the status of the Maori people under the Treaty and a National Government will consult with the Maori people on their wishes in the matter of incorporating the Treaty of Waitangi in a measure similar to the Bill of Rights which it is proposed to pass.  2. In accordance with its principles of racial equality the National Party affirms that all aspects of its forward-looking and humanitarian policy apply with equal force to Maori and European.  3. The National Party recognises that the Maori people are taking a significant share in the general economic life of the country and will actively encourage amongst Maoris the development of self-reliance, industry, initiative, responsibility and full citizenship and the maintenance of the cultural heritage of their race in the setting of current knowledge and civilisation,  4. A National Government's policy would be based on the Party's conviction that the Maori people will play an increasing role in New Zealand's development.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 14B).  (a) A National Government will continue to assist the social and economic advancement of the Maori people and encourage Maori cultural pursuits to help foster pride in Maori traditions.  (b) A satisfactory Maori Land policy is regarded as important to many Maoris, and in addition to farm training on Maori Development Schemes and with experienced farmers, there will be a vigorous policy of land settlement for Maoris.  (c) In addition to housing policy applicable to all New Zealanders the plank lists a number of proposals relating solely to Maoris.  (d) Extension of the Welfare Officer Service and encouragement of Maori Women's Welfare Leagues will be regarded as most important, as also the strengthening of home communities of Maoris in rural areas.  (e) In addition to special work in Maori education (including adult education), trade training and higher education will be encouraged and the appointment of Maori vocational guidance and placement officers will be considered.  (f) Emphasis will be placed on leadership training and formation of suitable youth organisations.  (g) There will be co-ordination of Maori health organisations and assistance in establishing Medical Clinics in Maori areas.  Section 14B.  FULL DETAILS.  5. A National Government will continue to assist in the social and economic advancement of the Maori people under existing law. If necessary, new legislation will be promoted.  6. We will continue to encourage Maori cultural pursuits, such as arts and crafts and history, to help fostering pride in Maori traditions and to preserve as far as possible the institutions necessary to the Maori way of life. To this end the present subsidies will be continued.  LANDS.  7. The National Party believes that it is important to a large proportion of Maoris that a satisfactory land policy should be in operation, and we will continue vigorously the development and settlement of Maori lands. We will take steps to simplify succession and consolidation of titles by overhauling the relevant sections of the Maori Affairs Act. The basic aim will be to ensure retention of Maori lands for the Maori people.  8. Our policy will be to hand back the developed land from Maori Development Schemes, to individual Maori farmers.  9. In addition to continuing farm training on Maori Development Schemes, a National Government will introduce a training scheme for Maori farmers to be settled on Maori developed land whereby they will be trained with experienced private farmers on a subsidised basis. We will assist in the settlement of all Maori farmers trained under this scheme on farms ready for occupation on Crown and Maori Land Development Schemes.  10. We will encourage the incorporation of blocks whenever this would lead to more economic use of land.  HOUSING AND ACCOMMODATION.  11. The Party's housing policy applies to all our people, but in addition there are some provisions related directly to Maoris. In particular, a National Government will.  (a) Provide loans of up to 100% of cost of new houses, with a limit of £2,700, where the applicant owns a suitable section.  (b) To assist in the purchase of the older and larger houses, especially by people with families, we will establish a scheme of lending on the purchase of approved existing homes by making finance available on second mortgage or the guarantee thereof.  (c) Provide loans to purchase sections.  (d) Continue the loans and other assistance for rehabilitated ex-servicemen.  (e) Continue the present scheme of capitalising family benefits for the purchase of new homes and extend it to the purchase of State rental houses.  (f) Continue the present scheme of providing loans for new houses at 3% interest.  (g) Give loan assistance from the Special Housing Fund under the Maori Housing Act for large families on low incomes and Social Security beneficiaries.  (h) Continue the Maori Housing Scheme.  (i) Encourage the savings scheme for Maori homes.  (j) Make special provision to enable Maori lend in suitable rural areas to be roaded and subdivided for housing.  (k) Maintain a fair allocation of State rental houses for Maoris.  12. A National Government will continue the provision of hostels for young Maori people working in cities either by the Government itself or by the churches and other suitable organisations with the aid of Government subsidies.  WELFARE.  13. A National Government will maintain and extend the Welfare Officer Service.  14. We will encourage the work of Maori Women's Welfare Leagues which were established under the previous National Government.  15. While recognising that progressively larger numbers of Maoris will become urban workers and residents, a National Government will endeavour to maintain and strengthen the home communities of Maoris in rural areas.  16. We will continue to encourage the work of the Tribal Executive Committees as well as Tribal Committees and support the formation of Dominion and District Councils of Tribal Executives.  17. Investigation and inquiry into special Maori problems will be undertaken in cases where Government action in this way appears desirable. Facilities would be readily available for consultation with representative Maori groups to consider such problems.  EDUCATION AND employment.  18. Concentrated work will be devoted to education, placement in worthwhile occupations and cultivation of goodwill in inter-group relations.  19. Emphasis will be placed on youth leadership training and the formation of suitable youth organisations.  20. To ensure that Maori youth are placed in occupations consistent with their educational achievements, a National Government will consider appointing specialist Maori vocational guidance and placement officers and will take every suitable opportunity to encourage the employment of Maoris.  21. We will facilitate trade training with private tradesmen on a subsidy basis, or will extend the trade training scheme established in Auckland by the Education Department to other suitable districts if justified by the number of trainees available.  22. A National Government will strive to get more Maoris to seek professional and skilled occupations and will encourage suitable young people to take advantage of appropriate education opportunities including scholarships.  23. Full support and encouragement will be given to adult education among Maoris.  HEALTH.  24. A National Government will continue a vigorous policy of health education of Maoris and in particular will assist Women's Welfare Leagues or other groups in the establishment of Medical Clinics in Maori areas. It will also ensure that all organisations connected with Maori health are effectively co-ordinated.  Section 15A.  EDUCATION.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party's objective is to give opportunity for a good education to all children and to co-operate with parents in building character and developing good citizens.  2. Our primary aim is the advancement of the mental, physical and spiritual well-being of the children upon whom the future of our country rests.  3. Our policy has been and remains, to guarantee that every child shall have an Opportunity of discovering and fully developing his talents and abilities. Those who are handicapped will be helped to grapple with and overcome their disabilities. those who are gifted in some special way will receive a training that will develop their talents.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Pull details an sheet 15B).  (a) The National Party stands firmly for academic freedom.  (b) Recruitment of properly qualified teachers and reduction in class sizes will be the forefront of a National Government's education policy.  (c) Particular attention will be given the recommendations of the Parry report.  (d) The special educational needs of country children will be dealt with more effectively.  (e) Encouragement by subsidies will be given to welfare organisations to provide more hostel accommodation for University students.  (f) A National Government will make extra efforts to expand technical education.  (g) Earnest consideration will be given to the recommendations of the Education Commission on the question of State aid to private schools.  Section 15B.  FULL DETAILS.  4. The National Party stands firmly for the principle of academic freedom in the teaching profession.  5. In particular a National Government will.  (a) Press on with any practical measures that will aid the recruitment of increased numbers of properly qualified teachers.  (b) Give all the help possible to bring about the much needed reduction in the size of classes.  (c) Endeavour to ensure that assembly halls are provided at all post-primary and intermediate schools.  (d) Intensify the campaign for teaching swimming in schools with the objective of teaching every primary school child to swim. The policy of subsidising swimming pools will be continued.  (e) Give special attention to the recommendations contained in the Parry report on University education.  (f) Ensure that the existing powers of Education Boards are preserved and where possible extended. It will be the firm policy of a National Government to give to such Boards the fullest reasonable measure of autonomy so that they may deal quickly and effectively with their administrative, school building, and transport problems.  6. A National Government will give particular attention to the special educational needs of country children through the Correspondence School, improved transport services, liberalised boarding allowances, more hostel accommodation, more rural post-primary schools, more accommodation for country teachers.  Consideration will be given to revising the -.mount of incidental grants to school committees in cases where the present basis appears anomalous.  7. Encouragement by subsidies will be given to religious and other welfare organisations to provide more hostel accommodation for University students.  8. The last National Government gave technical education its most significant development since the advent of technical high schools at the beginning of the century. A new National Government would give special attention to the staffing and equipment of this important branch of education so that there will be an adequate number of technically qualified young people for the country's developing manufacturing and servicing industries. We will encourage more of the country's best youth to attend technical classes. Overseas bursaries will be provided for advanced training for specially qualified technicians.  9. State aid to private schools. The history of this subject shows that successive Governments have increased State aid to private schools. The last instance, though minor in character, was under the last National Government in 1957. The present Government has set up a commission which is charged with reporting on this aspect of the education system. A National Government would give earnest consideration to any recommendations on the subject in the Commission's report.  Section 16.  SCIENCE.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party believes that scientific research is essential for national development as well as for reasons of national security.  2. It therefore becomes a function of Government to assist State departments, Universities, and industrial enterprises generally in developing scientific research and to make certain that we have a plentiful supply of enthusiastic and highly qualified specialists in this important field.  3. A National Government will ensure.  (a) That adequate opportunity is open to suitably qualified young people to embark upon scientific careers. And.  (b) That we have the teachers, colleges, and equipment to train them.  DETAILS.  4. It will therefore be the policy of a National Government.  (a) To provide increased subsidies for research.  (b) To make adequate provision for the necessary facilities and equipment.  (c) To ensure that salaries of scientists end research workers will be sufficient to attract suitable appointees.  (d) To press on with the capital works programme and the plans for extension of equipment being followed by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.  (e) To give practical and substantial help in maintaining a close liaison between the Department and the University for the vigorous prosecution of research in general and nuclear research in particular.  (f) To give further impetus to the development of industrial research associations and to give to the Department the backing necessary to enable it to continue its fine work in this direction.  (g) To endeavour to effect closer co-ordination of research related to our primary industries with special reference to the scientific and research activities of the Soil, Plant and Animal Husbandry Sections.  (h) To actively promote and encourage medical research with a view to more effectively controlling disease and advancing preventive medicine.  Section 17A.  HEALTH.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The guiding principle of the National Government will be the improvement of the health of the people and the welfare of the individual patient. We will aim to provide public health services which are efficient and take full advantage of scientific advances and modern equipment. The National Party believes that suitable voluntary organisations should be encouraged in their important sphere of work which is a valuable form' of community self-help and initiative and which should not be supplanted by public health services unless the need is clearly proved.  2. As far as possible, consistent with the responsibility of the Government to provide public funds for health services, it will be an important objective of a National Government to decentralise administration and give fullest possible autonomy to Hospital Boards in local administration.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details see sheet 17B).  (a) Continued generous support will be given to the Plunket Society as one of the important voluntary organisations as well as the "meals on wheels" and other services for the aged and infirm.  (b) Extensive inquiries will be made into psychiatric services to achieve more progress in New Zealand comparable with modern developments abroad, with particular reference to the intellectually handicapped.  (c) The Plank outlines in detail the principal aspects of a National Government's public health policy concerning women and children, the aged, public and private hospitals and nursing.  (d) The fight against polio and tuberculosis will be pursued with renewed vigour.  Section 17B.  FULL DETAILS.  3. A National Government will continue its former policy of generous grants and assistance to the Plunket Society and affirms that the Society should be maintained as one of the important voluntary health organisations in the community.  4. A National Government will also encourage further extensions of the voluntary "meals on wheels" scheme as well as the laundry service for the aged and infirm - both established under the former National Government.  5. Extensive inquiries will be made into psychiatric services with a view to examining whether more progress should be made in New Zealand along the lines of new thinking and recent developments in overseas countries concerning mental institutions and treatment, as well as in assisting the intellectually handicapped.  6. The principal aspects of a National Government's administration of public health would be.  (a) Women and Children.  (i) Improvement in school medical services.  (ii) Continue school dental services.  (iii) Intensified efforts to discover defects of hearing and vision early in life.  (iv) Extension of the visiting of children suffering from cerebral palsy by physiotherapists.  (v) Assistance for the intellectually handicapped children.  (b) Aged.  (i) In keeping with the National Party's concern to deal adequately with those needing special help who have reached the later stages of life, a National Government will base its policy on the following principles.  (A) The right and responsibility of the family to care as far as possible for its older members.  (B) Where aged people cannot reasonably be helped by their families then the community in which they live, working through. religious or welfare organisations with Government assistance where necessary, is best qualified to care for them. And.  (C) Where aged people cannot be helped by the community, then the Government, working through Hospital Boards, should care for them.  (ii) There will be provision for some form of voluntary service combined with appropriate rest or recreational centres to provide short periods of relief for near relatives and others giving constant attention to those who are incapacitated through illness or age.  (iii) Increased hospital accommodation in separate wards to be provided for those suffering from the mental illnesses of old-age.  (iv) The continuation of the policy of generously subsidising religious and welfare organisations in the capital cost of providing old peoples' homes.  (c) Hospitals.  (i) Adequately assist public hospitals while leaving the greatest possible authority with local Hospital Boards.  (ii) Assist in the provision of facilities for specialised treatment.  (iii) Provide further health recovery centres and vocational training facilities which were initiated by the previous National Government.  (iv) Continuance of the subsidy and suspensory loans schemes introduced by the last National Government to assist private hospitals and maternity homes. With the object of reducing the cost to the taxpayer and at the same time removing an anomaly which exists at present in connection with patients in private hospitals as compared with public hospitals, a National Government will investigate the subsidy to private hospitals.  (d) Nursing.  (i) Periodical review of pay end working conditions of all nurses.  (ii) To save unnecessary expenditure in public hospitals, a National Government will encourage the development of district nurses in country districts as well as the home nursing service.  (e) Polio and Tuberculosis.  (i) Extend to additional adult groups, on a voluntary basis, immunisation against polio at a reasonable charge.  (ii) Continue the spectacular advances initiated by the previous National Government in the fight against tuberculosis.  Section 18A.  HOUSING.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party's policy is to do everything reasonable to get houses built economically and into the hands of home-owners.  2. The National Party affirms that home-ownership is something added to the independence of the citizen and a National Government will therefore encourage home ownership by liberal loan assistance, by stimulating private financial institutions to lend for housing, by fostering such schemes as group building and by the sale of State houses to their tenants. The last National Government  passed the Joint Family Homes Act which gives protection to homes.  3. In view of the growing problem of urban sprawl, which is swallowing up producing farm lands and enormously increasing the cost of providing community services, a National Government will give particular attention to the building of multi-storey accommodation in the main centres.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 18B).  (a) Loans up to 100% of the cost (with a limit of £2,700) will be provided for new houses where a, suitable section is owned.  (b) The group building scheme, lay-by accounts scheme, capitalisation of family benefits and 3% housing loans will be continued on the present bases, but the capitalisation of family benefits will be extended to the purchase of State rental houses.  (c) Assistance will be given to financing the purchase of older and larger houses especially by people with families, through second mortgage finance or guarantee thereof.  (d) Sections in large Government housing blocks will be offered to the public.  (e) Local bodies will be assisted in slum clearance and other housing projects.  (f ) There will be progressive liberalising of the Tenancy Act.  Section 18B.  FULL DETAILS.  4. To assist home-building and home-ownership a National Government will.  (a) Provide loans of up to 100 per cent of the cost of new houses, with a limit of £2, 700, where the applicant owns a suitable section.  (b) To assist in the purchase of the older and larger houses, especially by people with families, we will establish a scheme of lending on the purchase of approved existing homes. by making finance available on second mortgage or the guarantee thereof.  (c) Continue the group building scheme, under which a Government guarantee assists private building.  (d) Continue the home lay-by accounts scheme, established by the last National Government, under which money saved to acquire a home is subsidised.  (e) Continue the present scheme of capitalising family benefits for the purchase of new homes and extend it to the purchase of State rental houses.  (f) Continue the present scheme of providing loans for new houses at 3% interest.  (g) Make Crown sections available on optional lease or purchase to enable home-seekers to purchase group houses with the lowest possible cash deposits.  (h) Make available for public sale a percentage of sections in large Government housing blocks.  (i) Build State rental houses to meet the needs of those on lower incomes where they are not able to build their own homes.  (j) Build departmental houses and "pool" houses for civil servants on transfer.  (k) Sell State houses to tenants to encourage home ownership and to reduce losses to the Crown.  (1) Provide rental houses and flats at assisted rentals for aged Social Security beneficiaries and others unable to pay full economic rentals.  (m) Provide rental flats for single women in the larger cities.  (n) Assist local bodies with slum clearance projects.  (o) Encourage local bodies to play a greater part in the housing of citizens and in the development of building sections.  TENANCY ACT.  A National Government will continue the progressive liberalisation of the Tenancy Act, with a view to its abolition as the housing position permits. As the next step in this policy, we would amend the Act to provide that while protection will be retained for existing tenants, it will not apply to new tenants after the premises become vacant.  The last National Government, while giving fair protection to tenants, restored to property owners greater freedom in the management of their own property.  We will keep under review the present reciprocal Social Security arrangements with the United Kingdom and Australia.  Section 19.  SOCIAL SECURITY.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party affirms that the nation has a duty to care for the aged, the sick and needy with generosity and justice, and at the same time to ensure that the thrifty are not unduly penalised.  2. The National Party also believes the community's duty, particularly towards the aged, does not end with the payment of monetary benefits by the State. A National Government will encourage, with direct assistance, the great contribution to happiness which is made by voluntary organisations. We believe the welfare services of New Zealand can be improved and extended with the co-operation of voluntary organisations.  3. In view of the achievement of a high level of social security benefits and the considerable financial burden this now entails for the country, during the next term of Parliament the Party has no proposals for introducing any new social security benefits and does not propose an increase in the family benefit.  4. Benefits other than family will be increased from time to time having regard to increases in national income, wages, and the cost of living.  FULL DETAILS.  5. A National Government will allow all widows with dependent children, receiving a pension, to earn up to £5 per week.  6. The social advances achieved, particularly for the benefit of old people, during the term of the last National Government were made possible in large measure by the inspired and dedicated work of the religious and welfare organisations, assisted by State subsidies. We believe that more can be achieved in the realm of social welfare by this partnership than can be achieved by State action alone. A National Government will strive at all times to help and extend this field of social welfare. Note. The Party's policy to allow donations (within prescribed limits) made out of income to approved charitable and welfare organisations as deductible for income tax will assist in this field.  7. A National Government will extend the welfare work of the Social Security Department, particularly amongst aged people.  8. We will continue to use the Welfare Fund (formerly the Special Assistance Fund) established by the former National Government, to the best advantage.  9. We will keep under review the present reciprocal Social Security arrangements with the United Kingdom and Australia.  TELEVISION.  Section 20.  BASIC POLICY.  1. A National Government will appoint a Television Commission to exercise control over the introduction and development of television. The Commission will be composed of citizens possessed of the knowledge, independent outlook and judgement required for such an important task. Associated with the Commission will be an advisory committee composed of men and women, including representatives of the churches and women's organisations.  DETAILS.  2. The duties of the Commission will include.  (a) Laying down and being responsible for the standards of all programmes.  (b) Ensuring that proper time is allocated for cultural, educational, religious, sporting, and other interests.  (c) Fixing the proportion of time to be allocated to advertising.  (d) Ensuring that the provision of programmes is the responsibility of the station operators and not advertising sponsors.  (e) Encouraging a. New Zealand industry by the increasing use of locally produced programmes.  (f) Giving opportunity for private enterprise to provide programmes and granting licences for this purpose such licenses to set out the terms and conditions of operation.  (g) Reporting to Government on the number of channels that should be provided for.  (i) Straight telecasting programmes.  (ii) Commercial telecasting programmes.  (h) Ensuring the coverage of New Zealand by television as rapidly as is economically practicable.  (i) Fixing viewing fees in consultation with the Government.  (j) Collecting fees from operators and viewers and utilising such funds for the expansion of T.V. services with the aim of making T.V. free from any charge on the general taxpayer.  3. The advisory committee will be widely representative of the community and will met from time to time to advise the Commission on any matters relating to the provision, quality, or other aspects of programmes, as well as on the administration of television generally.  Section 21.  LICENSING.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party believes that it is the responsibility of the Government to undertake reform of the present licensing laws. A National Government will carry out that reform.  DETAILS.  2. To this end a National Government will consult with the Licensing Control Commission, the magistrates, police and organisations interested in the licensing laws and their reform.  3. A National Government will act on the following principles.  (a) Encouragement of the provision of conditions and amenities which will substantially improve social habits and discourage excessive drinking.  (b) Simplification, consolidation and revision of the law so that the public will know what the law is and the police will have a clear and explicit body of law to enforce.  (c) Firm and decisive action on matters of administration.  4. As 6 o'clock closing of public bars was decided by referendum, no change will be made unless a further referendum favours an alteration.  Section 22A.  CIVIL SERVICE.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party acknowledges the important contribution of civil servants in meeting the challenge of the 1950's, with its new social services, tremendous construction programmes, and the complexities of a rapidly growing nation, and has confidence of the Service's ability to meet the technical and administrative problems of the 60's which promise to witness even more spectacular national development.  2. A National Government will appoint a Royal Commission to consider the changes which have taken place in the structure and functions of the Civil Service since the 1912 Royal Commission and to recommend such changes as it deems necessary and desirable to ensure that the Public Service is adequately staffed, trained and equipped to carry out its vastly more complex functions.  3. The previous National Government introduced many reforms both to increase the efficiency of the Service and to safeguard the legitimate aspirations of a body of men and women who have given loyal service to their country under successive Governments. This sympathetic attitude to the Service will be resumed.  4. The relationship between the branches of the Civil Service and the Government steadily improved during the term of the first National Government. We will restore, and improve mutual understanding because we believe New Zealand requires first and foremost competent Government, and competent Government depends upon a loyal and efficient Public Service.  5. A National Government will implement the legislation providing for equal pay for women in the Civil Service.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 22B).  (a) The Committee on Administration drill be restored to give adequate consultation with Government.  (b) Ruling rates surveys at appropriate intervals will be restored.  (c) Political rights of civil servants will be maintained.  Section 22B.  FULL DETAILS.  6. The functions and responsibilities of the Government Committee on Administration will be restored and extended to ensure to the representatives of the Service adequate access to and consultation with Government.  7. The system of ruling rate surveys at appropriate intervals will be restored and where possible improved, as the method of ensuring that levels of pay and conditions in the Service are comparable with conditions in outside industry.  8. Agreements between Government and the Service will be honoured.  9. The political rights of civil servants will be maintained.  10. The principles of conciliation and arbitration through the Service Tribunals will be maintained.  11. Procedures will be developed to ensure that margins for skill and responsibility in the higher ranks of the Service are adequate.  12. Other policy measures introduced or extended by the previous National Government will be developed and improved, including.  (a) Provision of pool houses for civil servants on transfer.  (b) Special assistance when appropriate to civil servants on transfer who wish to purchase their own hones.  (c) Encouragement and assistance to self-help through service welfare organisations which have proved of inestimable value, not only in giving aid where aid is needed, in a variety of ways, but also in developing "espirit de corps" within the Service.  (d) Provision of hostels where necessary to provide for the younger members of the Service.  Section 23.  LAW AND ORDER.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party affirms that the foundation of its policy is the maintenance of the rule of law. It upholds the principle that all citizens are equal before the law and equally subject to the law of the land, administered by independent courts, free from interference or direction by the Government.  2. Enforcement of the law is the responsibility of a. civil police force of high efficiency, loyalty and respect for the individual rights of citizens.  3. We assert that the lawn themselves should be clear and certain and that Parliament should be vigilant to make such changes as new circumstances require, at the same time ensuring that traditional rights and privileges are maintained.  4. These principles will guide a National Government's action in respect of law and order as was the case with the previous National Government.  DETAILS.  5. The previous National Government increased penalties against sex offences, car conversions and drunken driving. A National Government will further review these penalties whenever this is necessary to ensure adequate deterrent effect, end in particular, will provide that the maximum penalties available to the Courts for conversion of motor vehicles will be the same as for theft.  6. In respect of damage caused in committing offences associated with vandalism end conversion of motor vehicles, provision will be made for payment by the offender of the cost of damage unless the Court otherwise orders.  7. A National Government will adopt measures o deal with delinquency as outlined in a separate policy plank.  8. We will legislate to restore the protection of wage earners, their families and citizens generally against violence, intimidation, sedition and subversion in an industrial crisis. this protection was taken away by the Labour Government in 1960 by the repeal of the Police Offences Act 1951.  9. We will press forward with a. capital works programme for the police, including new district headquarters and police stations.  Section 24A.  DELINQUENCY.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party is deeply concerned about the amount of hooliganism and delinquency among a small section of our young people. Under a National Government every endeavour will be made to awaken the public conscience to this canker in our society and the full resources of home, church and school will be called upon to help in re-directing the thinking and living of the young people involved.  2. A National Government will take firmer and more comprehensive measures to deal with this difficult problem and proposes to have a four-fold approach by way of.  Education.  Prevention.  Penalties. And.  Reform.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 24B).  (a) Considerable importance will be attached to educative and preventative aspects of the problem with emphasis on a greater sense of moral values and purpose as well as civic responsibility.  (b) The powers of the Courts will be strengthened to deal with delinquents and hooligans and where discipline appears the prime need suitable institutions or camps will be used.  (c) Full consideration will be given the recommendations of the 1954 Special Committee on Delinquency and in particular a systematic project will be arranged to provide more information on delinquency.  (d) Borstal accommodation will be reviewed and if necessary expedite its expansion.  Section 24B  DETAILS.  3. Considerable importance will be attached to the educative and preventative respects of the problem in home, school, church and other organisations. Efforts will be made to teach our young people a greater sense of moral values and purpose and to develop a greater sense of civic responsibility. Greeter emphasis will be placed on the value of technical education and recreational interests as a means of encouraging the young people concerned to become assimilated in the accepted pattern of social behaviour.  4. Existing agencies for the welfare of young people will be encouraged and aided and in particular a. National 'Government will.  (a) Continue the ban introduced on horror comics.  (b) Continue improvements to film censorship.  (c) Further extend the work of the Probation Service amongst older adolescents end strengthen the Service as required.  (d) Give greater emphasis to the work of the Child Welfare Service.  (e) Increase assistance to youth welfare organisations and subsidise the building of youth centres.  Note. The Party's policy relating to the allowance as deductible items for income tax purposes of donations made out of income to welfare and other organisations should be of considerable value to youth welfare organisations.  5. The powers of the Courts will be strengthened to deal with delinquents and hooligans and suitable institutions or camps will be used in those cases where discipline appears to be a prime need. Provision will be made for a term of compulsory military or naval training in certain cases.  6. Full consideration will be given to the recommendations of the Special Committee on Delinquency in 1954 which recommended a systematic, long-term investigation of the nature and causes of crime and delinquency among young people. We will arrange a systematic project designed to provide more information about delinquency than is available at present.  7. In respect of damage caused in committing offences associated with vandalism and conversion of motor vehicles, provision will be made for payment by the offender of the cost of damage unless the Court otherwise orders.  8. It is proposed to review the adequacy or otherwise of existing accommodation in Borstal institutions and expedite their expansion as required.  Section 25.  DEFENCE.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party accepts it to be the first duty of Government to defend New Zealand and to see that adequate well-equipped and well-trained forces are provided.  DETAILS.  2. A National Government will carry out an immediate inquiry to examine and report on.  (a) The defence commitments and responsibilities of New Zealand to the extent that they may have, altered since the Labour Government took office.  (b) The extent to which those commitments and responsibilities are being met.  (c) The steps which should be taken to ensure that New Zealand is defended and is able to carry out its obligations to the Commonwealth, the United Nations, and our allies in the defence of the free world.  In the light of this investigation we will take the steps necessary to re-establish the defences of the country on a sound basis.  3. We will press forward with the re-equipment of our armed forced with modern equipment.  4. As opportunity offers, a National Government will re-build the reserve funds established by the previous National Government against the event of a national emergency.  Section 26A.  EXTERNAL AFFAIRS.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Party's external affairs policy aims at the advancement of New Zealand's interests as a sovereign state in every field.  2. We will exert the maximum possible influence that lies within the powers of a small nation towards the advancement of world peace and the promotion of social and economic progress amongst the world's peoples.  3. We reaffirm our belief in the United Nations Charter as the basis of orderly, peaceful and mutually helpful relations amongst the nations, and we will continue to contribute actively to the United Nations and other international agencies.  4. We affirm our faith in the United Kingdom and the British Common-wealth of Nations as a free association of sovereign states working for common ideals. We will maintain our traditional associations with the United Kingdom, and at the same time welcome new relations which will strengthen peace in the Pacific region.  5. We support the principle of realistic world disarmament under adequate and enforceable international agreement. We assert, that the first stage of the agreement should provide for the suspension under satisfactory international control of nuclear weapon tests, accompanied by an acceptable system of international inspection and agreement on reduction of conventional weapons.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 26B).  (a) A National Government will maintain full consultation with the United Kingdom and other members of the British Commonwealth on all matters of common concern. and with Pacific powers on Pacific development and defence. and would support its policies with fair and adequate defence commitments.  (b) United Nations would be fully supported.  (c) The Colombo Plan would also be given full support, especially through technical assistance.  (d) Communist China will not be recognised nor supported for admission to the United Nations till it measures up to the requirements of the U.N. Charter.  (e) The London and Washington diplomatic posts would be filled immediately.  FULL DETAILS.  Section 26B.  6. A National Government would adopt the following policy.  (a.) Full consultation with the United Kingdom and other members of the Commonwealth on all matters of common concern.  (b) Consultations with other Pacific Powers on matters of Pacific development and defence.  (c) Full participation in the work of the United Nations and its specialised agencies.  (d) Support our expressed policies by the organisation of a fair and adequate contribution to our own defence and the defence of the Pacific area.  (e) Continued participation in regional defence arrangements, such as ANZUS (Australia, New Zealand and the United States), and SEATO.  (f) Continued contribution to the COLOMBO PLAN which was introduced during the term of the previous National Government, A National Government will give increasing emphasis to technical assistance and exchange of students as the most effective way of improving living standards in the areas concerned.  7. The National Party believes that New Zealand's wider interests in world affairs demands the establishment of further diplomatic and trade posts, particularly in Asia and Europe, and a National Government will ensure that New Zealand's representation abroad was maintained and extended in accord with its diplomatic, trading and military needs.  8. We do not approve the recognition of Communist China nor the admission of that country to the United Nations until it shows by its actions that it measures up to the requirements of the Charter of the United Nations.  9. A National Government will immediately fill the two most important of New Zealand's diplomatic posts - High Commissioner, London, Pi. Ambassador, Washington - which the Labour Government has failed to do.  Section 27A.  CONSTITUTIONAL.  BASIC POLICY.  1. The National Government's Constitutional policy aims at the enlargement of personal liberties and the further extension of our property-owning democracy.  2. We firmly uphold the principles of loyalty to the throne and of responsible government by the elected representatives of the people.  3. A National Government will pass a Bill of Rights similar to that recently adopted by the Canadian Parliament.  4. We will also consider the provision of a written Constitution, for New Zealand.  PRINCIPAL POINTS. (Full details on sheet 27B).  (a) Parliamentary procedures will be reviewed to expedite handling the nation's business.  (b) The Local Government Commission will be encouraged in its advisory functions on local body amalgamation with decentralisation of local body authority as far as possible.  (c) Government administration will be decentralised as much as possible.  (d) All legislation and regulations of the last 25 years will be immediately reviewed with a view to abolishing all unnecessary restrictions on freedom.  (e) All new regulations will be reviewed by a. select committee of Parliament.  (f) An appeal authority responsible only to Parliament will be established to which citizens may appeal against all administrative decisions of the Government.  Section 27B.  FULL DETAILS.  3. The National Party believes the time is opportune for a review of Parliamentary procedures with a view to expediting the business of Parliament. Particularly, a National Government will endeavour to devise procedures to avoid tedious repetition and long-drawn out debates while increasing the rights and responsibilities of private members in relation to public questions. We will propose to Parliament that the length of the Address-in-Reply and Budget debates be curtailed and more occasion provided for discussion on specific subjects in shorter speeches with greater opportunities for study and investigation by select committees.  4. We will encourage the Local Government Commission in its advisory functions in respect to local body amalgamation, in the interest of efficiency and economy in local administration. In the sphere of local body administration the aim will be to restore to local authorities as much authority in their areas as possible.  5. As between the functions of national and local government, decentralisation of administration will be regarded as an important objective.  6. A National Government will issue immediate instructions to all departments of State to report on all legislation and regulations passed in the last 25 years with a view to the removal of all unnecessary restrictions on the liberties of citizens.  7. A National Government will review the regulation making powers in Statutes to ensure that the power to make regulations is confined to the specific authority given in Statutes.  8. We will establish a select committee of Parliament to which all regulations will be referred for report on whether any amendments should be made to protect the rights of the people.  9. Citizens' Appeal Authority. The National Party believes that good Government in a democracy requires the co-operation of the people in accepting as fair and reasonable the decisions of the administration. To ensure that members of the public in dealing with departments of State have the right and opportunity to obtain an independent review of administrative decisions, the National Party proposes to establish an appeal authority. Any person concerned in an administrative decision may have the decision reviewed. The procedure will be simple and provide for review to be by written application or in appropriate cases by hearing. To avoid, frivolous appeals, a reasonable fee should be charged to be refunded at the discretion of the authority. The appeal authority will be an independent person or persons responsible not to Government but to Parliament. The authority will have access to departmental files and the power to summon witnesses.  Section 28.  POINTS OF INTEREST TO WOMEN.  GENERAL.  A. The National Party has always striven to create conditions in which the family life of the nation could flourish in security and happiness. The record of the National Government from 1949 to 1957 was particularly good in the spheres of humanitarian, legislation and administration. The appointment of the late Dame Hilda Ross as Minister for the welfare of women and children was a practical manifestation of the outlook of the Party. The Party encourages women to hold executive offices in the Party and for 1960-61 there are seven women on its Dominion Council. Five of the Party's candidates for the 1960 election are women - in all cases selected democratically in open competition with men.  B. The previous National Government created an economic climate in which business prospered, wages were good, and there was employment for all. At the same time, this prosperity with job security was accomplished with reductions in seven years out of eight from the high rates of taxation left by the first Labour Government. Throughout its term of office, very worthwhile improvements were achieved in social services and indeed in social security benefits. Home ownership received a wonderful boost and the sale of State rental houses and the joint family homes scheme gave more family security than previously in our history.  POINTS OF INTEREST TO WOMEN FROM 1960 POLICY PLANKS.  1. TAXATION. An undertaking to resume the former National policy of progressively reducing the rates of personal and indirect taxation so that individuals and families will have more left of their income to spend according to their own choice - not the Government's.  2. DONATIONS TO CHARITABLE AND WELFARE ORGANISATIONS. To encourage a greater degree of community self-help and initiative, donations (within prescribed limits) made out of income to approved charitable, educational and welfare organisations and medical research institutions will be allowed as deductible items for income tax purposes. This will be a big help to many organisations doing fine work for the welfare of women and children.  3. MONETARY AND ECONOMIC POLICY. There will be a Monetary and Economic Commission to advise the Government on the issue of money so as to promote economic stability and maintain the values of earnings and savings and to ensure all possible stability in prices.  4. FARMING DEVELOPMENT. There will be a new and vigorous policy of land development to give young civilian farmers a good chance to own new farms of their own.  5. MARKETING OF FARM PRODUCTS. There will be constant reviews to ensure equity between producers and consumers in the marketing of products such as apples and pears, lemons, honey, etc.  6. IMPORT LICENSING. will be reviewed by a new Tariff and Development Board. Without prejudicing local industries and full employment, those "niggling" restrictions on imports of goods not made in N.Z. which many women find so frustrating will be removed. In particular a National Government will remove import restrictions on books believing that anything which restricts access to knowledge is contrary to the public interest.  7. MARGINS FOR SKILLED WORK. will be examined with a view to encouraging more trained young men and women. Technical education will be stepped up to provide the technicians we will need for the future development of our country.  8. EMPLOYMENT. The economic policy of a National Government will be aimed at maintaining highest levels of employment and ensuring that the real income of the wage earner increases in keeping with national prosperity. Responsible trade unionism will be encouraged and supported. Every endeavour will be made to improve working conditions in industry.  9. EQUAL PAY FOR WOMEN. The legislation providing for equal pay for women in the Civil Service will be implemented.  10. CONSUMER COUNCILS. will be encouraged in their work of giving consumers useful factual information about products and prices but will be divorced from Government direction and control.  11. TOURIST FACILITIES. As part of a new drive to get more wealth from overseas tourists a National Government will give the tourist industry incentives to develop recreational and holiday facilities by improving those amenities desired by our own people for travelling within New Zealand for health, holiday and business reasons.  12. SCENERY PRESERVATION. A National Government will aim at the maximum conservation of the scenic areas and natural attractions of New Zealand and give full weight to their value when assessing proposals to change scenic areas in the course of economic progress. A widely representative Nature Conservation Council will be appointed to advise the Government on the preservation of scenic areas.  13. MAORI AFFAIRS. Extension of the Welfare Officer Service and encouragement of Maori Women's Welfare Leagues will be regarded as most important, as also the strengthening of home communities of Maoris in rural areas. Emphasis will be placed on leadership training and formation of suitable youth organisations. There will be co-ordination of Maori health organisations and assistance in establishing medical clinics in Maori areas.  14. EDUCATION. The National Party's objective is to give opportunity for a good education to all children and to co-operate with parents in building character and developing good citizens. Recruitment of properly qualified teachers and reduction in class sizes will be the forefront of a National Government's education policy. The special educational needs of country children will be dealt with more effectively. Encouragement by subsidies will be given to welfare organisations to provide more hostel accommodation for University students.  15. HEALTH. The National Party believes that suitable voluntary organisations should be encouraged in their important sphere of work which is a valuable form of community self-help and initiative and which should not be supplanted by public health services unless the need is clearly proved. Continued generous support will be given to the Plunket Society as one of the important voluntary organisations as well as the "meals on wheels" and other services for the aged and infirm. Extensive inquiries will be made into psychiatric services to, achieve more progress in New Zealand comparable with modern developments abroad, with particular reference to the intellectually handicapped. Other aspects of the Party's health policy include improvement in school medical services. continuation of school dental services. intensified efforts to discover defects of hearing and vision early in life. and extension of the visiting of children suffering from cerebral palsy by physiotherapists. Another attractive feature is that there will be provision for some form of voluntary service combined with appropriate rest or recreational centres to provide short periods of relief for near relatives and others giving constant attention to those who are incapacitated through illness or age.  16. HOUSING. Again, under this heading, the Party's concern for the welfare of the people is evidenced. The National Party affirms that home-ownership is something added to the independence of the citizen and a National Government will therefore encourage home ownership by liberal loan assistance, by stimulating private financial institutions to lend for housing, by fostering such schemes as group building and by the sale of State houses to their tenants. Assistance will be given to financing the purchase of older and larger houses especially by people with families through second mortgage or guarantee thereof. This latter provision is expected to be a big help to those at present unable to finance the sale or purchase of quite good existing homes which are most suitable for people with families.  17. SOCIAL SECURITY. The social advances achieved, particularly for the benefit of old people, during the term of the last National Government, were made possible in large measure by the inspired and dedicated work of the religious and welfare organisations, assisted by State subsidies. We believe that more can be achieved in the realm of social welfare by this partnership than can be achieved by State action alone. A "National Government will strive at all times to help and extend this field of social welfare. Another advance which will greatly assist many women is the proposal to allow all widows with dependent children, receiving a pension, to earn up to £5 per week.  18. TELEVISION. A National Government will appoint a Television Commission to exercise control over the introduction and development of television. The Commission will be composed of citizens possessed of the knowledge, independent outlook and judgement required for such an important task. Associated with the Commission will be an advisory committee composed of men and women, including representatives of the churches and women's organisations. The National Party is determined that as far as possible this new medium of education and entertainment will be operated to the benefit of the community, that programmes will be of a high standard and that adequate time will be given to educational, religious and cultural interests.  19. LAW AND ORDER. The previous National Government increased penalties against sex offences, car conversions, and drunken driving. A new National Government will further review these penalties whenever this is necessary to ensure adequate deterrent effect, and in particular will provide that the maximum penalties available to the courts for conversion of motor vehicles will be the same as for theft. In respect of damage caused in committing offences associated with vandalism and conversion of motor vehicles, provision will be made for payment by the offender of the cost of damage unless the court otherwise orders.  20. DELINQUENCY. The National Party is deeply concerned about the amount of hooliganism and delinquency among a small section of our young people. Under a National Government every endeavour will be made to awaken the public conscience to this canker in our society, and the full resources of home, church and school will be called upon to help in re-directing the thinking and living of the young people involved. Considerable importance will be attached to the educative and preventative aspects of the problem. Efforts will be made to teach our young people a greater sense of moral values and purpose and increase their awareness of civic responsibility. More emphasis will be placed on the value of technical education and recreational interests as a means of encouraging the young people concerned to become assimilated in the accepted pattern of social behaviour.  21. EXTERNAL AFFAIRS. The Party supports the principle of realistic world disarmament under adequate and enforceable international agreement. We assert that the first stage of the agreement should provide for the suspension under satisfactory international control of nuclear weapon tests, accompanied by an acceptable system of international inspection and agreement on reduction of conventional weapons. We reaffirm our belief in the United Nations Charter as the basis of orderly, peaceful and mutually helpful relations amongst the nations and we will continue to contribute actively to the United Nations and other international agencies.  22. CONSTITUTIONAL. A National Government proposes to review Parliamentary procedures to expedite business and avoid tedious repetition and long drawn out debates. A National Government will issue immediate instructions to all departments of State to report on all legislation and regulations passed in the last 25 years with a view to the removal of all unnecessary restrictions on the liberties of citizens. We will establish a select committee of Parliament to which all regulations will be referred for report on whether any amendments should be made to protect the rights of the people. To ensure that members of the public in dealing with departments of State have the right and opportunity to obtain an independent review of administrative decisions, the National Party proposes to establish a Citizens Appeal Authority. Any person concerned in an administrative decision may have the decision reviewed.  Section 29.  ACCENT ON YOUTH.  GENERAL.  Throughout its history the National Party has emphasised the need to build the nation upon self-reliant, healthy, happy, and purposeful young men and young women. The Party's philosophy gives accent to the kind of thinking and action that appeal to the youth of the country, in whom will rest the responsibilities for the future. Hence the basic approach of the Party to policy and administration stems from the desire to provide opportunities to all youth. to encourage initiative and enterprise. to give special privilege to none. to develop the kind off society where there is plenty of freedom and where the deadening hand of socialist restrictions and controls can have no retarding influence. The record of the last National Government showed how successfully and efficiently the country could be governed in accordance with these principles. The 1960 policy of the Party reveals this approach time and again.  POINTS OF INTEREST TO THE YOUNGER VOTER FROM 1960 POLICY PLANKS.  1. TAXATION. The rates of personal and indirect taxation will be progressively reduced, given normal conditions. The previous National Government reduced the rates of taxation in seven of its eight years of office by good administration and by giving the community adequate incentives. This is consistent with the Party's belief that the country will best develop if individuals are allowed to spend as much as possible of their earnings according to their own plans - not as the State dictates.  2. Overseas TRADE. A new Ministry of Overseas Trade is to be created to boost our overseas trade prospects in new markets end widen our opportunities to trade and prosper.  3. MONETARY AND ECONOMIC POLICY. The National Party believes the overall management of monetary and economic policy along sound and progressive lines is one of the most important responsibilities of Government. To this end, a National Government will promote legislation and policies with the objective of ensuring that the creation and issue of money is kept in balanced relationship with the production of goods and services so that the greatest degree of economic stability can be maintained and the values of all earnings, savings, and other income safeguarded.  4. FARMING. The National Party has always recognised that a vigorous policy of land development is the first essential to maintaining and improving the nation's standards of living. A National Government will complete the rehabilitation of eligible returned servicemen and will take immediate steps to put into operation a new land settlement policy for civilians. In addition to continuing farm training on Maori development schemes, a National Government will introduce a training scheme for Maori farmers to be settled on Maori developed land whereby they will be trained with experienced private farmers on a subsidised basis.  5. FORESTRY. A National Government will give all possible encouragement to the development of industries based on our forests.  6. INDUSTRY. The National Party believes that steady expansion of industry is essential to the maintenance of full employment for the increasing population and will provide the necessary incentives and security for industrialists to plan long-term development. A basic principle is that the most effective industrial development can best be achieved by private competitive enterprise with a minimum of regulation or control by the State,. The needs of expanding industrial development require an increasing number of skilled, men and men who will accept responsibility. Current margins for skills will be examined with a view to ensuring adequate rewards for those prepared to equip themselves for skilled work. Educational facilities will be extended and encouragement given to young people to equip themselves for technical progress in industry. The last National Government gave technical education its most significant development since the advent of technical high schools at the beginning of the century. A. new National Government would give special attention to the staffing and equipment of this important branch of education so that there will be an adequate number of technically qualified young people for the country's developing manufacturing and servicing industries. We will try and encourage more of the country's best youth and brains to attend technical classes. Overseas bursaries will be provided for advanced training for specially qualified technicians.  7. COMMERCE. Young men particularly will be given maximum opportunity to start in business and this policy will also apply to those wishing to start genuine businesses partly dependent on import licences.  8. MAORIS. Among Maori youth, concentrated work will be devoted to education, placement in worthwhile occupations and cultivation of goodwill in inter-group relations. Emphasis will be placed on youth leadership training and the formation of suitable youth organisations. A National Government will strive to get more Maoris to seek professional and skilled occupations and will encourage suitable young people to take advantage of appropriate education opportunities including scholarships.  9. EDUCATION. The National Party stands firmly for the principle of academic freedom in the teaching profession and will press on with any practical measures that will aid the recruitment of increased numbers of properly qualified teachers. Encouragement by subsidies will be given to religious and other welfare organisations to provide more hostel accommodation for University students. A National Government will ensure that adequate opportunity is open to suitably qualified young people to embark upon scientific careers and that we have the teachers, colleges and equipment to train them.  10. HOUSING. The National Party's policy is to do everything reasonable to get houses built economically and into the hands of home-owners. The National Party affirms that home-ownership is something added to the independence of the citizen and a National Government will therefore encourage home ownership by liberal loan assistance, by stimulating private financial institutions to lend for housing, by fostering such schemes as group building, and by the sale of State houses to their tenants. The last National Government passed the Joint Family Homes Act which gives protection to homes. Included in a comprehensive plank on housing are these two provisions.  (a) Provide loans of up to 100% of the cost of new houses, with a limit of £2,700, where the applicant owns a suitable section.  (b) To assist in the purchase of the older and larger houses, especially by people with families, we will establish a scheme of lending on the purchase of approved existing homes. by making finance available on second mortgage or the guarantee thereof.  In addition, the group building scheme, the home lay-by accounts scheme, 3% interest, and the capitalisation of the family benefit will be continued - and the latter extended to the purchase of State rental houses.  11. TELEVISION. A National Government will appoint a Television Commission to exercise control over the introduction and development of television. The Commission will be composed of citizens possessed of the knowledge, independent outlook and judgement required for such an important task. Associated with the Commission will be an advisory committee composed of men and women, including representatives of the churches and women's organisations. New Zealand industry will be encouraged to produce programmes.  12. DEFENCE. A National Government will make an immediate inquiry into the defence commitments and responsibilities of New Zealand to the extent that they may have altered since the Labour Government took office into the extent to which those commitments and responsibilities are being met and into the steps which should be taken to ensure that New Zealand is defended and is able to carry out its obligations to the Commonwealth, the United Nations and our allies in the defence of the free world. In the light of this investigation we will take the steps necessary to re-establish the defences of the country on a sound basis.  13. EXTERNAL AFFAIRS. We reaffirm our belief in the United Nations Charter as the basis of orderly, peaceful and mutually helpful relations amongst the nations, and we will continue to contribute actively to the United Nations and other international agencies. The Party affirms the principle of realistic world disarmament under adequate and enforceable international agreement. We assert that the first stage of the agreement should provide for the suspension under satisfactory international control of nuclear weapon tests, accompanied by an acceptable system of international inspection and agreement on reduction of conventional weapons.  14. CONSTITUTIONAL. The National Government's constitutional policy aims at the enlargement of personal liberties, and the further extension of our property-owning democracy. A National Government will pass a Bill of Rights similar to that recently adopted by the Canadian Parliament. To ensure that members of the public in dealing with departments of State have the right and opportunity to obtain an independent review of administrative decisions, the National Party proposes to establish a Citizens' Appeal Authority. Any person concerned in an administrative decision may have the decision reviewed.