TO SERVE CANADIANS  These are the policies of the liberal party of Canada. The purpose of this document is to give the voters of Canada a clear statement of what they will be doing if they entrust the country's affairs to a new Liberal government. That is the basis on which we ask for your support. We are not interested in running down our opponents. Their record speaks for itself. It is written in the economic slow-down of the past six years. The record is written in the weary months of unemployment from which hundreds of thousands of Canadian families have suffered. It is written in the narrowing of opportunities at home. It is written in the lessened influence of Canada in world affairs. t The record of the present government is written also in its indecision; in its failure to put forward . constructive measures or to organize its own business in the House of Commons; and in the internal disagreements which have led important . members of the cabinet to resign in protest. The Liberal programme is the same as we put r forward last year. It deals with the same problems which face our country. It is a programme for a four-year term of government. We do not pretend that everything can be done at once. The programme will be carried out according to priorities.  The first priority will be to restore confidence in Canada by putting our affairs in order and restoring sound and steady management of the nation's business. Great emphasis must be placed upon the need for economic improvement. For that reason, the following pages concentrate on our major proposals and do not attempt to review the whole complex field of action with which modern government must be concerned.  The proposals that the Liberal party puts before you are not election promises, cooked up for the occasion to attract support from this group and that. They are nation-wide policies developed during five years of careful study and intensive discussion among Liberals all over the country.  Canada and the world have many problems. We need clear answers. We need new policies for the problems of new times that will encourage new industry, create more jobs and more production. This economic expansion will mean bigger incomes for us all. The country's affairs will be brought into order.  Our. policies do not rest -on the philosophy that the state can do everything or that the citizen can get something for nothing. Expenditures are paid for by taxes. Taxes come out of income, so we must increase income if we are to spend more. That means work; co-operative effort; more efficiency and economy in managing our affairs.  It means also that any additional government expenditure, which is not for productive investment, should only be made if the financial condition of the country can support it.  That is why we must have economic expansion for social progress. That is why we must take the long view of national interest rather than the short view of political expediency.  ''In this spirit we put forward policies for the next four years.  POSITIVE CANADIANISM  The first aim of liberal policies is a Canadian identity that creates unity without uniformity. We are determined to make a reality of the equal partnership of English-speaking and Frenchspeaking Canadians, a partnership enriched by the contributions of people who have come to Canada from many other lands. Liberal policies will give a new direction to Canadian confederation: to a co-operative federalism that respects the rights of the provinces while developing equality of opportunities for Canadians in all parts of our country.  The second aim of Liberal policies is to increase our national wealth. We need a vigorous economy. We need new industries. We need more trade. These are the foundations on which we can enjoy increasing incomes and expanding opportunities for a better life.  The third aim of liberal policies is to ensure that all Canadians can share, fully and fairly, in these benefits of prosperity. This means full employment. It means better opportunities for education and training, irrespective of ability to pay.  It means fair working conditions. It means security and better opportunities for farmers and w'  fishermen. It means adequate pensions. It means better health care, available to all when needed. It means the removal of slums, better housing, cleaner cities, more parks, better recreational facilities, encouragement to Canadian arts and letters, improving democracy in our political institutions.  But security, happiness, achievement are not possible for us alone. The fourth aim of Liberal policies is that a growing, progressing Canada will have a constructive influence for peace and progress throughout the world.  These are the aims of a positive Canadianism. These art the aims towards which a new Liberal government will move, by measures that are prompt and practical, far-sighted and responsible.  Adopt a Canadian Flag and Anthem  Within two years of taking office, a new liberal government will submit to Parliament a design for a flag which cannot be mistaken for the emblem of any other country. When adopted, this will be the flag of Canada. "O Canada" will be proclaimed our official anthem.  The Union Jack will be flown on appropriate occasions as a symbol of our membership in the Commonwealth. A new Liberal government will also maintain the honour given to the traditional anthem which expresses Canada's devotion to the Sovereign.  Develop Broadcasting  There will be scope for the parallel development of both public and private initiatives in ~, broadcasting, with a more effective and impartial agency of control. A new Liberal government will restore the morale and integrity of the C.B.C. Radio networks will be extended, so that all Canadians can come into contact with both English and French culture.  EQUAL PARTNERS IN CONFEDERATION  ,/ Make real the equality in Canada of English and French language and culture.  French Canadians are not a minority with special rights in only one province, They should be partners sharing fully with English-speaking Canadians in the rights and responsibilities of our national development, The obstacles to achieving true and equal partnership are serious. A new Liberal government would undertake, in consultation with the provinces, a full and thorough investigation of the problem by a Commission set up for that purport. It would be determined to take effective steps to make a reality of the idea of equal partnership as the only basis on which Confederation can work fairly and effectively.  Work well with the provinces.  National unity sad good government in Canada depend on co-operation between Ottawa and the provinces. The essential foundation for effective co-operation, in all matters of national concern, is full respect for the rights of the provinces in matters within their jurisdiction. All Liberal policies will be carried out with this full respect.  Provide full equalization of provincial revenues from the tax fields that the provinces share with the federal government.  This is the only way the provinces can afford similar standards of services, and so provide equality of opportunities for all Canadians. A new Liberal government will make equalization payments which bring the other provinces up to the level of the richest, in revenue per head from shared taxes.  Assure flexibility in joint programmes, scholarships and university grants.  If some provinces wish, they should be able to withdraw, without financial loss, from joint programmes which involve regular expenditures by the federal government and which are well established. In such cases, Ottawa will compensate provinces for the federal share of the cost, by lowering its own direct taxes and increasing equalization payments. This will be done also if some provinces do not want to take part in new joint programmes that it may be desirable for the federal government to initiate with the provinces. In the case of scholarships and university grants, provinces that so prefer will receive unconditional equal financing.  NEW INDUSTRY  Set up a federal Department of Industry.  The department will work out, industry by industry, what can be done to promote new production in Canada at economic costs. Consulting with management and trade unions, it will devise g appropriate government policies-loans, tax incentives, industrial adjustment grants, and so 'on -to assist new plants and plant enlargements.  Reform taxes.  Taxes will be reviewed, in order to make them fairer and to encourage enterprise and lower the barriers to business expansion. Special tax incentives will be provided to new industries in areas where new job opportunities are most needed, and also to companies that increase their exports.  Expand trade.  A new Liberal government will work with Britain, the United States, European and other free countries in programmes for progressively reducing the barriers to trade and in constructive measures to expand trade multilaterally., This is essential because one Canadian out of every five depends on exports for his job.  Set up a National Development Corporation.  This corporation will seek capital from the public, so that investors and the government will work together to finance new enterprises in Canada. The aim of the corporation will be to increase Canadian production and to reverse the trend towards absentee ownership of Canadian industry.  COMMUNITY SERVICES AND HOUSING  Make loans and grants for municipal services.  We need better streets and roads to reduce traffic congestion, better public transit, less pollution, more schools and parks. A great backlog of needed projects is held up because municipal taxes are already high and municipal borrowings expensive. A Municipal Development and Loan Fund will be established to provide capital for sound municipal improvements which provincial governments approve but for which financing is at present inadequate. The fund will play a big part in creating new jobs all across Canada, while offsetting the increasing burden of local taxation in municipalities of all sizes.  Clear slums and renew blighted areas of our cities and towns.  Federal grants for urban renewal projects will be extended in scope and increased in amount. This is essential to civic progress in many areas.  Increase construction of low-rental homes.  New homes for rent are the positive side of slum clearance. A new Liberal government will join with the provinces and municipalities in a major campaign. It will give special attention to the housing needs of old-age pensioners.  Extend National Housing legislation to provide insured mortgages for the purchase of existing homes as well as for building new homes.  This broadening, under proper safeguards, will enable more Canadians to become home-owners y and to move more easily to new jobs.  Improve rural housing.  A new Liberal government will extend National Housing legislation for the improvement of farm homes and other dwellings in rural areas.  DEVELOPMENT AREAS  Set up a federal agency for area development.  In the Atlantic provinces and in other parts of Canada, theca are areas where a special thrust for development is needed, either because existing industries are declining or because the area's resources have never been developed. The agency wilt be responsible to a single federal cabinet minister and will co-operate with provinces, municipalities and local representatives. It will draw up development plans and see that the development areas get special consideration in all federal action for economic expansion.  Encourage new industry.  Tax incentives, lending by the National Development Corporation, assistance to municipalities and vocational training programmes will all be geared to encourage industrial expansion in areas of chronic unemployment.  Provide capital grants for basic development projects.  These include, in co-operation with the provinces concerned, trunk highways in the Atlantic provinces, other roads, and the generation of power. Federal public works programmes will give particular consideration to development areas.  FULL EMPLOYMENT AND FINANCES  Set up a National Economic Council.  Liberal action for new industry, for community and area development will be planned together to create the 250,000 new jobs we need every year in order to achieve full employment and job security for a growing population. A National Economic Council will be set up to assess the needs and potentialities of the economy, to analyze what is going on and what is planned, and to recommend measures to bring the activity of our economy up to its full potential. The Council's members will have a wide variety of experience in business, in labour matters, in farming and in government, and they will be assisted by an expert staff.  Monetary policy.  A new Liberal government will take clear responsibility for ensuring that the money supply is adequate and business is not held back by tight money, but without risking the disasters of inflation.  Bring order into the nation's finances.  A new Liberal government will restore confidence in Canada's growth and in the ability of the federal government to handle its responsibilities soundly. Necessary investments in economic progress will be made. A Liberal government will take f the steps necessary to produce a balanced budget.  INVESTMENT IN SKILL  Training for better jobs.  A new liberal government, at the request of the provinces, will provide expert and full-scale assistance in operating wide-ranging services for job training. Training courses will be open to all o Canadians, men and women, who want to learn new skills. A new organization will be set up to direct this programme.  Assist re-training courses within industry.  In co-operation with the National Economic Council, the proposed organization will look ahead to see which jobs will offer more opportunities in future and which-because of automation or trade changes or for other reasons will offer fewer opportunities. At the same time it will work with industry in setting up training courses, so that workers can obtain the necessary.  broadening of skills before, not after unemployment strikes.  Pay supplementary benefits for re-training and to the long-term unemployed.  In order to overcome the effects of automation and to enable people to broaden their opportunities of employment, workers will get financial help while training and in meeting the expenses of moving. This help will come from general government revenues; it will not be an additional demand on the unemployment insurance fund. It will be continued after re-training, if a man or woman who is the main support of a household remains unavoidably unemployed.  OPPORTUNITIES FOR YOUTH  Extend family allowances beyond the age of sixteen, for boys and girls who remain students.  This will help families to provide the best possible education for young Canadians and will reduce the number of teen-agers seeking unskilled jobs.  Establish Canada Scholarships for university education.  ' Scholarships, each valued at $1000 a year for four years of study will be made available to able students who need assistance to go to university. The awards will be open to all and will be made on merit. The administration of the plan will be independent of government.  Set up a student loan fund.  All qualified university students will be able to borrow if necessary for genuine educational needs. The fund will be independently administered. Loans will be interest free during the period of study and for the first year afterwards, and will then be repayable, plus interest, within a reasonable period.  Improve public financing for the universities.  This is a continuation of established Liberal policy. It is an increasingly important investment for the conditions of .today and the progress of the country.  DECENT PENSIONS  Establish a national contributory pension plan.  The plan will provide pensions in addition to the existing federal pension. It will not be financed from taxes but from contributions, of a small percentage of earnings, from all employers and employees and from self-employed people if they choose to join. Both the contributions required and the pensions available under the plan will build up over a ten-year period. This transition period will enable existing pension schemes to be fitted smoothly with the new plan, without loss of rights in the existing schemes. Pension- benefits will be made fully portable when people change their jobs.  Make possible retirement on half pay at 65.  People will soon be able to choose when, between the . ages of 65 and 70, they wish to start drawing the pension based on their contributions plus the existing federal pension. The contributory benefit will be based on average earnings during the best years of working life. If the federal pension begins at age 65 the amount will be about one-third less than it would be if it began at age 70.  For a man of about average earning"  360 a month--the total pension (including the federal pension) available at 65, for himself and his wife, will be $180 a month; that is, half his. earnings while working. If he continues to work after 65, the pension available will rise to $250 a month at age 70. For a single person the equivalent pension, when the plan is in full effect, will be $135 at age 65 or $185 at age 70.  For a man whose earnings have been lower, the total pension will be a bigger proportion of earnings. For example, from earnings of $240 a month, it will be, at age 65, $150 for a couple or $105 for a single person. Or at age, 70, it will be $210 for a couple or $145 for a single person.  If earnings have been $500 a month (the maximum covered by the plan), the pension at age 65 will be $215 for a couple or $170 for a single person; or at age 70 it will be $296 for a couple or $231 for a single person.  In the case of couples, the wife's portion of the pension will be paid to her directly as it is at present.  These pension rates will be reached in ten years. The rates for people who retire in the interval will be steadily raised towards the new levels.  Provide pensions for the disabled and for widows and orphans.  The contributory plan will make provision for people who are disabled, and unable to work, before reaching 65. In the event of death, the widow or orphans will receive the benefits. These provisions of the plan will be submitted to the provinces for constitutional agreement.  Encourage self-employed people to contribute to the pension plan.  The self-employed will not have to join the plan, but will be able to do so an terms which will be very worthwhile for people with small or moderate incomes.  Establish a new national minimum of $75 a month pension.  To help people already retired, who have not had the chance to contribute under the new Liberal plan, a minimum supplementary pension of $10 a month will be paid, from the start, out of the pension fund established by contributions. This will raise the total old-age pension to $75 for a single or widowed person, $140 for a married couple.  Increase old-age assistance to $75 a month.  Assistance is available is cases of noel, for people aged 65 to 69. To cover the transition period - until the contributory pension plan is in full effect, this assistance will be increased in co-operation with the provinces.  Make the $75 old-age assistance available to single women and widows at age 60.  Many companies retire men at 65 but women at 60. Earlier assistance will therefore be made available to women, in . co-operation with the provinces.  Increase allowances for the blind and disabled to $75 a month.  In co-operation with the provinces, these allowances will be raised in line with pensions and old-age assistance. There will be an increase in the amount of other income permitted.  CARING FOR HEALTH  Establish, in co-operation with the provinces, a medical care plan for all Canadians.  The plan will enable everyone to get health care at the time it is needed, without fear of crippling medical bills. There will be no restrictive conditions. The patient will be free to choose his doctor. The doctor will remain free to practice as he chooses. There will be no interference with the doctor-patient relationship or with the doctor's decision as to the treatments he recommends. The doctor will continue to receive his income on a fee-for-service basis.  Through the medical care plan, cover costs of doctors' and diagnostic services, in the office, home or hospital, by general practitioners; surgeons and specialists.  The federal plan will pay for all these services to children up to the time they leave school, and for people over the age of 65. For other Canadians, the plan will cover doctors' bills above $25 per person a year (or a somewhat higher figure for those with large incomes).  Co-operate with the provinces and the doctors.  The Liberal plan will be put to a federal-provincial conference and thoroughly disused with the medical profession and other interested organizations. The federal payments will be made as a contribution to a provincial plan if desired. In any event, the plan will be carried out in cooperation with the provincial governments and the doctors' organizations in each province. Consideration :will be given to studies made for the Royal Commission on Health and to its proposals.  Attract more doctors and raise the quality of medical care.  The medical care plan will help to create a professional climate that attracts increasing numbers of able people to the study and practice of medicine. The Liberal plan for student scholarships and loans will enable more. people to become doctors.  Improve facilities for health care.  A new liberal government will co-operate with the provinces and the professions for such purposes as improving mental health treatment, encouraging dentistry, and aiding medical research.  Bring other health costs within the medical care plan.  As it becomes practicable a new liberal government will broaden its health plan to cover other burdensome costs, with priority for pre. scribed drugs and children's dental services. Legislation about drugs will be strengthened to ensure the protection of the public.  A SQUARE DEAL FOR LABOUR  Encourage Industrial Councils.  There is urgent need for better relations between management and workers, working together W improve industrial efficiency, as well as pay and conditions, and to increase employment and improve job security. A new Liberal government will vigorously encourage the formation of industrial councils for these purposes and will consult with labour organizations about appointments to government councils and boards.  Institute a federal labour code.  This will apply to industries under federal jurisdiction and work done under federal contracts. It will establish a minimum wage of $1.25 an hour, maximum working week of 40 hours, pay for two weeks' vacation and seven statutory holidays, and national standards of health and safety and other working conditions, with protection of the public interest.  Speed up conciliation procedures.  With the help of trade unions and industry, a new Liberal government will improve conciliation without lessening freedom of negotiation. Liberalism is opposed to limits on the right to strike and upholds the right of reinstatement at the conclusion of a strike.  Provide collective bargaining for federal civil wants. '  All federal employees should have the right Jo collective bargaining procedures with provision 4or binding arbitration.  Restore the unemployment insurance fund.  The fund was designed to deal with short-term unemployment. It has been depleted, because long-term unemployment has become chronic. A new Liberal government will restore the fund and, with policies of economic expansion, return it to its proper function. In fairness to all workers, a new liberal government will be firm in preventing abuse of the fund by people who are not genuinely seeking jobs.  Pay unemployment benefits to people who are lout of work because of illness.  This will be done on the same basis as unemployment benefits for people who lose their jobs for other reasons.  The coverage of unemployment insurance.  Those who need coverage include many farm workers and groups in the service trades, as far as is administratively practicable. The coverage formerly given to casual workers will be restored.  BETTER MARKETS FOR FARMERS  Make national marketing possible.  A new Liberal government will promptly seek agreement with the provinces on a plan which would enable marketing boards and co-operatives to operate on a national scale. Under this plan, the government could give leadership in cases where farmers desire such organizations forte orderly marketing. A new liberal government will provide loans and other encouragement for the efficient development of producer co-operatives.  Increase, consumption of dairy products.  A now liberal government will join with the provinces in providing free distribution of milk to school children-an investment in better nutrition. It will encourage commercial exports of cheese and supply powdered milk to needy countries.  Provide market guidance and assist independent research.  Assessing market conditions and future prices is as important for farmers as for industrial companies. But many small farmers cannot organize such research for themselves. A new Liberal government will work with the provinces to provide more complete price and marketing information for the benefit of small farmers. It will also assist research aimed at expanding both home and foreign markets for Canadian farmers, developing industrial uses for farm products, improving quality and efficiency in processing and marketing.  Encourage farm export sales.  A new Liberal government will establish a revolving fund to finance farm exports. This fund will be available to the Wheat Board and other faun marketing organizations, to support the vigorous expansion of export markets by developing credit sales.  A SQUARE DEAL ON TAE FARM  Give federal backing to crop insurance.  Present legislation has prevented the provinces from giving wide coverage in crop insurance because it has left too much financial risk to provincial governments. A new liberal government at Ottawa will re-insure soundly-based provincial measures of crop insurance. Where crop insurance is not in effect or not practicable, P.F.A.A. will be improved.  Improve supports for farm prices and income.  Supports must be fair, realistic and flexible they must be based on principles, riot on expediency. Where appropriate, a new liberal government will provide deficiency payments that will protect farmers in seasons of price declines by calculating payments on a quarterly instead of annual basis. Where appropriate, also, support prices will be put on a regional basis.  Ensure minimum returns on wheat.  A new liberal government will maintain s minimum price for wheat of $2 per bushel for No. I Northern at Lakehead, on all sales made under the current International Wheat Agreement and on all domestic sales. If the $2 price is above the world level, the deficiency payment to farmers in respect of domestic sales of wheat will be treated as a consumer subsidy.  Assist livestock improvement  A new Liberal government will work with the provinces in vigorously expanding action for the improvement of livestock. More credit will be made available to farmers building up their herds, as well as for such purposes as drainage and the restoration of pasture.  Develop new sources of income for rural areas.  A new liberal government will take action, in co-operation with provinces, municipalities sad local representatives, for rural areas needing development. ARDA will be put to work without more delay. The development programmes win help small industries to establish themselves in rural towns and villages; develop suitable acres for recreation and the tourist trade; improve land-use, including reforestation, the restoration of land to pasture and the recovery of farm lands subject to erosion.  Undertake a major programme of water conservation.  Without proper conservation, water shortage and pollution will become major problems as urban areas become bigger. The programme will include flood control and projects for snaking farm land more productive.  FISHERY DEVELOPMENT  Establish a 12-mile limit for off-shore fishing.  This is necessary for the adequate protection of our Canadian fishery.  Create a fishery credit agency.  Low-cost loans are needed for the construction and improvement of boats with modern equipment and gear.  Undertake research and training.  This is needed to promote increased exports, study co-operative purchasing and marketing, and improve fishing methods.  CANADA’S DEFENCE  Work well with our friends.  A nuclear war cannot be won. With two great power blocs capable of destroying each other, the only defence is to prevent war starting. Until there is mutual disarmament, with effective inspection and control, this means that we must have sufficient strength to make sure that no one will attack, because the aggressor knows that he will be destroyed along with his victim. To provide such deterrent strength, we must co-operate closely with our friends in the free world. A country such as Canada cannot defend itself alone. Our defence effort means our contribution to the North Atlantic Alliance. It is collective defence, not defence in isolation. In our policies for external affairs and defence we therefore must get on well with our friends and work closely with them.  Carry out ore commitments.  Collective defence is based on treaties between countries; on obligations undertaken and commitments given. Four years ago the present government decided that two Bomarc bases should be located in Canada, as part of the North American chain of these defensive missiles. It decided that the Canadian sir force in Europe should take on the role for NATO of strike reconnaissance, using Starfighter aircraft. It decided that our army, as part of the NATO force in Europe, should be equipped with "Honest John" artillery. In Canada it decided that our air, force should be equipped with Voodoo interceptors. For all these purposes, we have now acquired American-made equipment designed for nuclear warheads and ineffective in the military tasks which we have taken on, without such warheads. The liberal party opposed these defence arrangements when they were made. But they were made. And therefore either we must have these nuclear weapons or else abandon, for the time being, any useful contribution to collective defence. The Liberal party will not abandon Canada's position in the alliance. It will honour the country's commitments.  Obtain defensive nuclear weapons.  A new Liberal government will therefore obtain nuclear warheads, under joint control with the United States, so that Canadian forces can fulfil the role to which the present. government has committed them. These weapons are not bombs. They do not involve any extension of the "nuclear club" of countries with independent nuclear power. They are defensive weapons. Similar weapons have already been acquired, on the same terms of joint control with the United States, by European countries in NATO who do not thereby become members of any "nuclear club". The Liberal party will remain opposed, as it always has been, to any extension of the number of nations possessing offensive nuclear bombs or independent nuclear forces.  Restore Canada's influence.  When Canada is again carrying out her commitments, Canada will again be in a position of influence with her allies. A new Liberal government will use this position to be again in the forefront of United Nations efforts for controlled disarmament. It will also be in a stronger position of influence in the re-examination of NATO defence policy. Such re-examination is continually necessary because weapons quickly become obsolete and because strategic considerations frequently change.  Plan ahead in defence.  Our power of choice in defence policy is to plan what it will be a few years ahead. Our defence arrangements today are determined by decisions made in 1958 and 1959. We have now had delivered the equipment we ordered then. If we decide not to make this equipment operational, by having the necessary warheads, we are in effect deciding to have no defence at all. We are cutting ourselves off from our allies and from any effective contribution, for the next few years, to collective security. The only way we can contribute continuously is to have these nuclear defensive weapons now. Any different defence policy we adopt could only become effective in a few years' time, as new equipment is obtained A new Liberal government will plan such future policy in consultation and co-operation with our allies.  Establish a parliamentary defence committee.  In .order that the final decision on future defence policy may be taken by Canadians according to: the fullest possible information, a new Liberal government will set up a parliamentary defence committee. This will call expert witnesses and ensure that all points of view are thoroughly considered. Any change in defence policy :will be made by a clear and open decision of Parliament.  Strengthen our mobile defence forces.  The West is relatively weak in the conventional forces that may be needed to deal with local violence without precipitating nuclear war. A new Liberal government will examine what Canada's share should be in strengthening such r forces on land, on sea and in the air. Canadian forces will be highly mobile. They will be available and trained for United Nations or other assignments to keep the peace. A new Liberal government will press for the formation of a permanent UN police force.